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Jonathan's Locomotor > Knee Joint > Flashcards

Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of joint is the knee joint?

A

It’s a modified hinge joint, allowing some rotation to change direction of movement

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2
Q

When can rotation occur at the knee joint?

A

when the knee is in flexion

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3
Q

Is the patella enclosed in the joint capsule?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What are the three paired structures for stability at the knee?

A

collateral ligaments
cruciate ligaments
menisci

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5
Q

What’s the functional difference between epicondyles and condyles of the femur

A

epicondyles are located laterally, for attachment of muscles
condyles are articular surfaces with condyles of tibia

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6
Q

T/F The lateral condyle is larger than the medial condyle

A

False, medial one is larger`

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7
Q

When does the screw-home mechanism occur?

A

When the knee is in terminal extension, and ACL pulls the femur in medially to lock

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8
Q

T/F Flexion is passive

A

false, flexion is active, extension is passive

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9
Q

what is the function of popliteus muscle

A

unlocking the knee joint by providing lateral rotation on the femur

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10
Q

Are cruciate ligaments intra-synovial?

A

No, they are extra-synovial, but intracapsular

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11
Q

Why doesn’t the synovial membrane cover the whole menisci?

A

menisci is the point of articulation, and synovial membrane has rich neurovascular supply. It doesn’t cover the whole menisci so irritation can be prevented

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12
Q

Why is there bleeding in the joint when a ligament in the capsule is torn

A

synovial membrane is likely to get damaged as well, so there is bleeding

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13
Q

What are the anterior muscle reinforcing the joint?

A

quadriceps, the femoris muscle

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14
Q

what are the lateral reinforcements of the joint?

A

popliteus, biceps femoris, iliotibial tract

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15
Q

What are the medial reinforcements of the joint?

A

pes anserinus, complex of tendons composed of satorius, gracilis, bursa, semitendinosus

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16
Q

What does “say grace before tea” stand for

A

Satorius
Gracilis
Bursa
Tendon of semitendinosus

17
Q

What are the posterior reinforcements of the joint?

A

tendon of semimembranosus

18
Q

Does the suprapatellar bursa communicate with the joint cavity?

A

Yes, so any infection can travel into the capsule

19
Q

What are the attachments of ACL

A

anteriorly on the tibia

lateral condyle of femur

20
Q

What are the attachments of the PCL

A

posteriorly on the tibia

medial condyle of femur

21
Q

What is the action of ACL?

A

stops anterior displacement of tibia or posterior displacement of femur

22
Q

In what situation in the ACL most commonly injured

A

upper leg rotates while lower leg is stationary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpIOMuqXWrE

23
Q

What is the test for PCL injury?

A

posterior draw test

24
Q

What does the deep medial collateral ligament blend with

A

The medial meniscus

25
Q

How does medial collateral ligament act as a secondary restrain for ACL

A

because the course of collateral ligament runs slightly anteriorly to prevent anterior displacement of tibia

26
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A

ACL, medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus. Usually damaged due to lateral rotational movement

27
Q

What is the function of lateral collateral ligament

A

resisting medial movement of the tibia

28
Q

What is the function of menisci?

A

shock absorb

distribute weight by increasing area of contact

29
Q

Why is the medial meniscus more likely to be injured?

A

because it is held in place by the MCL

30
Q

What are the two passive structures maintaining the patella alignment

A

raised lip on lateral femoral condyle

medial patellar retinaculum

31
Q

What is the active structure maintaining patella alignment

A

vastus medialis

32
Q

What is chondromalacia patella

A

inflammation of underside of the patella due to abnormal traction

Jonathan's Locomotor (16 decks)

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