muscles of cervical spine Flashcards
segments of cervical spine
upper cervical spine (sub occipital reigion)- C0-C1 atlantoccpital joint and C1-2 atlantoaxial joint
lower cervical spine- C3-7
Movements of cervical spine
nodding and protraction and retraction- C0,C1, flexion/extension- C0-C1- to20°and C3-7 to 80°flex, 60° ext
side flexion- C0-C1 to 80° and C3-7 to 20° (40° each side)
rotation- C1-2 to 15° each side and C3-7 to 70-90°
muscle producing movements
superficial muscles- prime movers, movement and head orientation
deep muscles- stability and proprioception
muscle producing movements in upper cervical spine- flexion and extension
flexion- sternocleidomastoid, long captious and short muscles between atlas and occiput
extension- small post-vertebral muscles
muscle producing movements in upper cervical spine- lateral flexion and rotation
lateral flex- small sub-occipital muscles,
rotation- sub-occipital muscles, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius
sternocleidomastoid and function
long strap like muscles, arises by 2 heads, runs around the side of the neck, close to midline anteriorly, forms triangular boundary of the posterior triangle of neck
function- bilateral flexion, unilateral- ipsilateral side flexion, contralateral rotation, accessory muscle of respiration
sternocleidomastoid- attachment
proximal- sternal head- from anterior surface of manubrium sternum and clavicular head- from upper 2/3 surface of medial clavicle
distal- onto lateral 1/3 superior nuclear line of occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone
NS- X1th cranial nerve (motor), ventral rami C3 (sensory)
long capitus position and flexion
position- anterior, action unilateral Side flex, bilateral flexion
recrus caprins lateralis, rectus capitis anterior
both flex neck on head- nodding, side flex ipsilaterally
deep neck extensors
run from C1/2- occiput- rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, oblique capitis inferior, oblique capitis superior
bilateral extension, unilateral ipsilateral side flex
muscles producing movements in the cervical spine- flexion and extension
flexion 70-80° for neck- sternocleidomastoid, longus cole, scalenus anterior, for head and neck- sternocleidomastoid and longus capitis
extension 60°- for neck- levator scapulae, splenius cervicis, for head and neck- trapezius, splenius capitis, erector spine
muscles producing movements in the cervical spine- lateral flexion
20-45° muscle of same side initiate, then muscles of opposite side control- scalene- ant, med, post, splenius cervicis, levator scapulae
for head and neck- sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, trapezius, erector spine
muscles producing movements in the cervical spine- rotation
unilateral- 70-90°in each direction- semispinalis cervicis, scalene anterior, splenius cervicis, for head and neck- sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis
longus coli
3 parts, anterior aspect of cervical spinals on front and sides, upper and thoracic and cervical vertebral bodies
action- bilateral- neck flexors, unilateral- ipsilateral side flexors
levator scapulae- proximal and distal attachment and NS
proximal- C1-4 TP, distal- medial border of scapula between the superior angle and medial end of spine of scapula, NS- dorsal scapula nerve C5
levator scapulae- action and function
action- elevation of scapula, side flex (ipsilateral) or extension of cervical spine (bilateral)
function- stability of scapula, resists depression when weight in hand
splenius cervices
posterior cervical spine into thoracic spine
action- extension cervical spine- bilateral, ipsilateral lateral flexion, unilateral rotation
upper trapezius attachment and NS
proximal- medial 1/3 superior nuclear line, external occipital protuberance, ligaments niche, SP C7-T12 and intervening supraspinous lig
distal- posterior border, lateral 1/3 clavicle
NS- accessory nerve, cervical spinal nerve 3-4
action upper trapezius
bilateral cervical extension, unilateral- ipsilateral lateral side flexion
splenius capitous
head and neck extension and retraction, posterior aspect of cervical spine up to head
semispinalis capitis
action- cervical spine extension- bilateral, unilateral- side flex ipsilateral
posterior to point of rotation- works with new and head
erector spine function
main function is extension of the neck particularly returning from a flexed position. woking unilaterally will produce cervical side flexion. bilateral neck extension, extends head on neck, unilateral ipsilateral side flexion
cervical spine- erector spine attachments
illiocostalis cervicis- T6-T3 costal angles to c4-6 tp
Longissimus cervicis- T5-T1 TP to C6-C2 TP
longisissimus capitis- T5-C4 TP to mastoid process
spinalis cervicis- lower part ligaments niche and C7 to SP C2
spinalis capitus- blends with semispinalis capitus
scalene
components of 3 separate muscles often considered as a single unit, scalene anterior and middle- insert onto first rib, scalene posterior- insert onto second rib
action- ipsilateral side flexion, bilateral cervical flexion
accessory muscle of respiration
thoracic outlet syndrome
between scalene anterior and middle- the whole of brachial plexus, whole of venous/ arterial supply and return of upper limb exits, so if tension or spasm here it can effect these
muscles protracting
upper cervical spine (extension)- semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis, splenius capitis, suboccipital muscles lower cervical (flexion)- sternocleidomastoid, anterior/ mid/ post sclane, longus coli
muscles retracting
upper (flexion)- longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior
lower (extension)- splenius cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis
movements of thoracic spine ROM and limiting factor-flexion
70, upper- alar lig, tectorial membrane, lig. niche, posterior Atlanta axial membrane
lower-PLL, lig flavum, interspinous, supra-spinous
movements of thoracic spine ROM and limiting factor- extension
upper- lig flavum, Atlanta axial membrane
lower- ALL
movements of thoracic spine ROM and limiting factor-rotation
90°- alar lig, lig flavum
movements of thoracic spine ROM and limiting factor-side flex
45°, alar lig, lower- intertransverse
