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Axial anatomy > Lumbar spine > Flashcards

Lumbar spine Flashcards

1
Q

Movements of lumbar spine- flexion and limiting factor

A

greater than range of extension. more movements in lower segments (L4/5, L5/S1)- because in upper lumbar spine, the orientation of facets is more towards the vertical (thoracolumbar junction), ROM- 50°, (large variations), limited by PLL and supra-spinous and interspinous

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2
Q

Movements of lumbar spine- extension and limiting factor

A

approx 30° (large variations), limited by ALL, lig flavum

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3
Q

Movements of lumbar spine- rotation

A

1 at each segmental level with less rotation available at L5-S1, mean rotation of 8-12° in each direction, rotation is limited by orientation of facet joints- more limited in lumbar, limited by orientation of facet joint and ligaments flavour

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4
Q

Movements of lumbar spine- lateral flexion

A

approx 25°, difficult to measure, coupled with rotation, limited by inter transverse lig

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5
Q

Movements of lumbar spine- what should be done to measure ROM

A

the pelvis and hips should be fixed to isolate movement

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6
Q

anterolateral abdominal wall- muscles and fascia

A

rectus abdominals, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis
fascia- thoracolumbar fascia

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7
Q

thoracolumbar fascia- posterior layer

A

superficial to erector spinae and attached to spinous process

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8
Q

thoracolumbar fascia- middle layer

A

between erector spinae and quadratus lumborum, attach to transverse tips

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9
Q

thoracolumbar fascia-anterior layer

A

deep quadratus lumborum, attached to anterior of transverse process

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10
Q

anterolateral wall- llayers

A

externl oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominus

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11
Q

anterolateral walls- vertical muscles

A

rectus abdominius, associated with rectus sheath

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12
Q

external oblique- origin and insertion

A

origin- outer surface of 5-12th ribs and costal cartilage

insertions- linea alba via rectus sheath, inguinal ligament, anterior 2/3 iliac crest

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13
Q

external oblique- actions (against resistance) and nerve

A

action- flexion of trunk, posterior pelvic tilt- ipsilaterally, contralateral (opposite) rotation (trunk on pelvis), lateral flexion- ipsilateral,
NS- anterior rami T7-12

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14
Q

internal oblique- origin and insertions

A

Origin - lateral 2/3 inguinal lig, anterior 2/3 iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion lower border of 10-12th ribs, linea alba via rectus sheath, pectin pubis (conjoint tendon- rectus abdominius)

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15
Q

internal oblique- actions and NS

A

action- posterior pelvic tilt- bilateral- if thorax is fixed
flexion- bilateral, ipsilateral rotation (trunk on pelvis), lateral flexion of trunk- ipsilateral
NS- L1 nerve, anterior rami T7-T12

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16
Q

transverses abdominus- origin and insertion

A

origin- interal surface of ribs 7-12 + CC, thoracolumabr fascia, iliac crest and lat 1/3 inguinal lig
insertion- linea alba via rectus sheath, pectin pubis (conjoined tendon)

17
Q

transverses abdominus- action and NS

A

not associated with pure physiological movement due to horizontal presentation- stablises lumbar spine, prevents lumbar spine instability, and manage existing instability
NS- L1 nerve, anterior rami T7-T12

18
Q

rectus abdominus- origin and insertion

A

origin- xiphoid process, 5-7TH CC

insertion- pubic symphysis, pubic crest

19
Q

rectus abdominus- action and nerve

A

action- flexion of trunk against resistance, if trunk is stabilised then it will posteriorly rotate pelvis, unilateral rotation and ipsilateral flexion of trunk
NS- anterior ami of T6-12

20
Q

functions of abdominius

A

trunk movement, sitting up lying/ getting out of bed, protection of the abdominal viscera, spinal stabilisation

21
Q

abdominal pressure for?

A

forced expiration, micturition (1), defectation (2), parturition, vomiting

22
Q

rectus sheath- different levels

A

anterior layer- origin EO and IO, posterior layer- origin- IO and TA, in lower region you have rectus sheath and rectus abdominis, degree of origin for EO, IO, TA, no posterior band,

23
Q

why is there issues with linea alba

A

there are issues with linea alba the centre section more posteriorly than superiorly as it doesn’t have a dual band

24
Q

where do layers of linea alba interlace

A

they interlace in midline

25
Q

when is the linea alba vulnerable

A

during pregnancy, rectus diastasis- separtation of abdominal muscles- common in pregnancy

26
Q

posterior abdominal wall

A

diaphragm superiorly, thoracolumbar fascia, muscles- psoas, iiiacus, quadratus lumborum, TrA, obliques, lumbar vertebra and discs

27
Q

quadratus lamborum- origin and insertion

A

origin- iliac crest, ililumbar ligament

insertion- inferior border of rib, transverse processes- L1-4

28
Q

quadratus lamborum- action and NS

A

action- muscle of inspiration, ipsilateral side flexion, lumbar extension
NS- ventral roots T12-L4

29
Q

extensor group- 3 sections of erector spinae

A

iliocostalis, longissimus- associated with TP, spinalis- close to spinous process

30
Q

erector spinae- lumbar spine

A

iliocostalis lumborum, from thoracolumbar fascia and iliac region, attaches rib angle, extensor of lumbar and thoracic spine, works unilaterally as side flexor

31
Q

erector spinae- thoracic

A

iliocostalis- lumborum and thoracis, longissimus thoracis, spinalis thoracis

32
Q

erector spinae action

A

bilateral: extension and control of flexion, maintenance of lumbar lordosis, unilateral- ipsilateral flexion/ rotation
NS- dorsal rami of adjacent thoracolumbar nerve

33
Q

what is the transversospinalis

A

they are a group of stability muscles, prevent unwanted slip and glide of one spinal unit on another (L5/S1-CX1/2) These muscles lie between the transverse and spinous processes

34
Q

groups of transversospinalis

A

semisoinalis (thorax)- in thoracic and cervical region
multifundas- 3 regions
rotatores- contralateral rotator, interspinalis, intertransversus- in between transverse process

Axial anatomy (9 decks)

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