analyse of posture

Question 1

posture

Answer 1

refers to the bodys alignment with respect to the force of gravity. gravity exerts a downwards force no matter of position- affecting equilibrium. normal posture is a position of minimal stress

Question 2

physics

Answer 2

gravity- an invisible force pulling on object towards earth centre. COG- a hypothetical point around which the force of gravity acts. BOS= the area that bears weight. line of gravity- an imaginable vertical line from the COG to the supporting service- changes in relation to position of body parts

Question 3

COG and balance

Answer 3

COG moves when a person moves. in women COG lower in pelvic

Question 4

normal alignment

Answer 4

good alignment in any position of body entails distributing the force of gravity so no structures are under undue stress

Question 5

why do you want good alignment

Answer 5

muscles have normal tone, balance between opposing muscle groups, normal spinal curves, normal girdle position, no strain to support body- comfort and efficiency

Question 6

the line of gravity

Answer 6

just behind the coronal suture, through odontoid process of axis, through ear lobe, through shoulder joint, through bodies of lumbar vertebra, through GT, just anterior to knee midline, just anterior to lateral malleolus

Question 7

muscle activity in maintaining balance in standing

Answer 7

posterior cervical muscles contract to jeep head from falling forwards. global and core muscles maintain the balance of spinal curves. in relaxed standing the illiofemoral lig provides stability at hip. stability at knee, from ACL and tension in gastric and hamstrings, knee fully extended- no muscle action, soleus keeps the tibia from rotating forward

Question 8

postural stability of spine

Answer 8

muscles of the neck and trunk are important stabilisers of the spine. global- effect more than 1 vertebra. core- sit deeper than global, act oversell areas, 1/2 motion segments at a time, contract to compress to provide stability

Question 9

global muscles- lumbar

Answer 9

rectus abdominius, external and internal oblique, quadratus lumborum, erector spine, illiopsoas

Question 10

global muscles- cervical

Answer 10

sternocleidomastoid, scalene, levator scapulae, upper trap, erector spinae

Question 11

core muscles- lumbar and cervical

Answer 11

lumbar- transverse abdominius, multifidus, QL, deep rotators, cervical- rectus capitis anterior and laterals, longus coli.

Question 12

maintenance of posture

Answer 12

anatomical approximation e.g. closed pack joint position, general muscle tone maintains position, when postures are dynamic/ or COG is moving then some muscle activity will increase- tension to task, there is always a balance between passive systems (anatomy), active systems (muscle) and the neural control needed

Question 13

pelvic alignment- neural position

Answer 13

the ASIS are in same transverse plane, ASIS and pubic symphysis is in the same vertical plane, when the ASIS is lower than PSIS- anterior tilt, opposite- posterior tilt

Question 14

faulty postures

Answer 14

sway back, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, forward head

Question 15

swayback posture

Answer 15

increased lordosis in lower lumbar reigion, increased kyphosis in thoracic reigion a protracted head. caused by gravity, fatigue or muscle weakness. lack of flexibility in upper abdominal , hip extensor or lower lumbar extensor muscles. weak lower abdominal, lower thoracic extensors and hip flexors muscles

Question 16

swayback position

Answer 16

head- forward, neck- slightly extended, scapula- winged, chest/thorax- kyphotic (increased flex), lower back- flattened, pelvis- posterior tilt, hip- extended knee hyper extended
lengthened and weak- hip flexors, external oblique, upper back extensors, neck flexors
short and tight- hamstrings, internal oblique, low back muscles (ES and QL)

Question 17

lordotic posture

Answer 17

in lumbar reigion- increase in lumbosacral angle, increase in lumbar lordosis, increase in anterior pelvic tilt and hip flexion. caused by weak abdominal muscles/ pregnancy/ obesity, lack of flexibility in hip flexor and lumbar extensor, weak hip extensors

Question 18

lordotic posture position

Answer 18

head- forward, neck- increased curve, scapula- retracted, thoracic- increased kyphotic, lower back- hyperextended (lordosis), hips- flexed, pelvis- hyperextended, feet- slight PF
short and tight- neck extensors, hip flexors, lower back
lengthened and weak- neck flexors, upper back, ES, hamstrings, possibly abs

Question 19

flat low back posture (flat back)

Answer 19

decreased lumbar lordosis, hip extension, posterior pelvic tilt, caused by slouching flexing in sitting postures, lack of flexibility in trunk flexors and hip extensors, weak lumbar extensors and hip flexors

Question 20

flat low back position

Answer 20

head- forward position, neck- slightly extended, chest- flattened, pelvic- posterior pelvic tilt, hips- positioned forward and extended, knees- hyper extended,
lengthened and weak- ilipsoas, ES, QL
short and tight- hamstrings, abdominal

Question 21

round back with forward head (kyph-lordotic)

Answer 21

in thoracic and cervical reigion- increased thoracic kyophosis, protracted scapulae and head, caused by gravity, poor occupation or functional prolonged postures, lack of flexibility in muscle cervical spine and head that attach to scapula and upper thorax, sub occipital muscles,

Question 22

round back with forward head position

Answer 22

head- forward, neck- increased curve, scapula- abducted, thorax- increased kyphosis, lower back- hyperextended (lordosis), hips- flexed, pelvis forward (anterior pelvic tilt), knee- slightly hyperextended, feet- slight PF
short and tight- neck extensors, hip flexors, lower back
lengthened and weak- neck flexors, upper back, ES, hamstrings, possibly abdominals

Question 23

military posture

Answer 23

flat upper back and neck, decrease in thoracic curve, depressed shoulder girdle, decreases cervical lordosis, retracted head, lordotic posture lumbar reigion ant pelvic tilt, caused by exaggeration of military posture. lack of flexibility in anterior neck/ thoracic extensors and scapula retractor muscles and hip flexors/ lumbar extensors, weak scapular protractor muscles- weak abs and hip extensors

Question 24

military posture position

Answer 24

head- neutral position, neck- normal curve/ slightly forward, scapula- forward tilt, chest/thorax- normal curve/ slightly back, lower back- lordosis/ increased curve, pelvis- ant tilt, knee- slightly hyperextended, feet- slightly turned out
lengthened and weak- abdominals and hamstrings
short and tight- low back and hip flexors

Question 25

spinal abdominals

Answer 25

normal, lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis

Question 26

scoliosis

Answer 26

thoracic and lumbar reigion only. S or C curve. asymmetry in pelvic and lower extremities. structural and non- structural (reversible). caused by neuromuscular disorder or disease (structural), leg length difference, muscle spasm (non-structural), lack of flexibility of muscles on concave side, weakness and stretch of muscle on convex side

Question 27

effect of pelvic tilt on lumbar posture

Answer 27

pelvis tilts forward and pulls lumbar spine into lordosis (anterior pelvic tilt), pelvis tilt backward and pulls lumbar spine flat (posterior pelvic tilt)
forward shifted pelvis (swayback)- hip joint extended and pelvis shifts forward and is also tilted backward. knee hyperextended

Question 28

familiar sitting postures- relaxed position

Answer 28

head balanced with COG just in front of A/O joint, weight supported upon ischial tuberosity, lumbar curve depends on angulation of the ilia and sacrum. COG behind ischia, flattened lumbar curve (Slouched). COG in front of ischia lumbar lordosis, more weight through feet

Question 29

pelvic positioning in sitting

Answer 29

pressure in the IV discs increases in sitting C.F. standing and with the flattening of the lumbar curve.

Question 30

ideal seated work posture

Answer 30

balanced seating- spine carries body weight most comfortably, back thigh angle 135° means lumbar curve retained and muscle relaxed. a seat the tilts forwards encourages the natural postures.

Question 31

postural problems- clinical

Answer 31

wheelchair assessment to ensure optimal postures are maintained. could be padding, cushions, heights of feet rest. middle pic- windswept deformity- deformity in hips and knees, far right- developing scoliosis due to sitting posture

Question 32

postures in lying

Answer 32

position of little energy use, normal alignment of the body still important as it limits stress on structures. consider sleeping positions of patients and positions of support for exercise and activity

Question 33

postures in lying- supine

Answer 33

good postural alignment requires the normal cervical and lumbar lordosis be maintained. pillows of approbate sickness are essential. consider the surface on which the person is lying when evaluating curves

Question 34

postures in lying- side lying

Answer 34

good posture requires that head, spine and pelvis be in normal alignment. pillows at head should not create side flexion of neck or thoracic spine. hips should be slightly flexed, and pelvis should not rotate lumbar spine or hip overly adduct. harder surface or too soft- affects alignment

Question 35

postures in lying- prone lying

Answer 35

normally not a good posture. normal alignment of the cercial spine is impossible if head turned. pillows to prevent flattening of lumbar curve and stretch tibias anterior. supporting the neck in normal alignment for treatment purposes is challenging