Muscles - Lecture Flashcards
Two classes of facial muscles
Facial expression - suck, smile, frown, pucker…
Mastication - (chew) elevate, depress, protrude, retract, grind
Broad, flat tendon (generic name)
Aponeurosis
Tendon that connects frontalis and occipitalis
Epicranial aponeurosis
Four ways to classify skeletal muscles
Location
Action
Innervation
Direction of fibers/number of heads
Origin
The immovable attachment point of a muscle, usually the more proximal attachment
Insertion
The movable attachment point of a muscle, usually the more distal attachment
Antagonists
Muscles that produce opposite movements (e.g. biceps and triceps do flexion and extension)
Synergists
Muscles that produce similar movements (e.g. biceps and brachialis both do flexion)
Facial muscles origin and insertion
Origin is usually bone while the insertion is usually skin
Pterygoids origin and insertion
Both attach to mandible at condyloid process and down on medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible
Attach to pterygoid processes of sphenoid bone
Tongue muscle (“-glossus”) attachments
hyoid bone
styloid process of temporal bone
mandible
Muscles of the neck
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
Splenius Capitus ("bandage skull")Inspiratory muscles
diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, serratus posterior superior
Expiratory muscles
forced expiration - internal intercostals, abdominal wall muscles, serratus posterior inferior
(normal expiration is passive)
7 muscles of the shoulder (pectoral) girdle
posterior: trapezius, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae
anterior: subclavius, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior
Shoulder girdle muscles go from where to where?
axial skeleton to scapula
Rotator cuff muscles go from where to where?
scapula to humerus
4 rotator cuff muscles
subscapularis muscle, supraspinatus muscle, infraspinatus muscle, teres minor muscle
Cap to intertubercular groove muscles go from where to where?
axial skeleton to humerus
4 cap to intertubercular groove muscles
deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major
Muscles of the glenohumeral joint
rotator cuff muscles: subscapularis muscle, supraspinatus muscle, infraspinatus muscle, teres minor muscle
cap muscles: deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major
three arm muscles: triceps brachii, ?, ?
Anterior muscles of the shoulder girdle go from where to where?
ribs to scapula or clavicle
Posterior muscles of the shoulder girdle go from where to where?
vertebral column to scapula
6 movements of the pectoral girdle
elevation/depression
retraction/protraction
superior/inferior rotation
Pectoral elevation muscles also do what movement and where?
retraction, located on back (from dorsal surface)
rhomboid major and minor, trapezius superior
Pectoral depression muscles also do what movement and where?
protraction, located on chest (from ventral surface)
pectoralis minor
Anterior muscles of the shoulder girdle
pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius
Posterior muscles of the shoulder girdle
trapezius, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae
Is “major” or “minor” always superior to the other?
minor
Serrates anterior is anterior to what muscle?
subscapularis
Muscles in anterior compartment of brachium
coracobrachialis, brachialis, biceps brachii (long and short heads)
Muscles in posterior compartment of brachium
triceps brachii (long, lateral, and medial heads)
Muscles in anterior compartment of forearm
superficial and deep groups of common flexors
superficial: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, (flexor retinaculum)
deep: flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
Muscles in posterior compartment of forearm
superficial and deep groups of common extensors
superficial: (brachioradialis), extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus
deep: supinator
(also extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis)
3 pelvis muscle groups/compartments
gluteal compartment, lateral rotators, iliopsoas muscle
3 thigh muscle compartments
anterior, posterior, medial
3 leg muscle compartments
anterior, posterior, lateral
6 movements of the hip
flex and extend
abduct and adduct
laterally and medially rotate
Two lines on the os coxae
pectineal line (pubis) - pectinous muscle originates here arcuate line (ilium) form pelvis brim, separate true from false pelvis
Anterior compartment of the thigh
sartorius, quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)
Medial compartment of the thigh
adductor longus, brevis, and magnus
gracilis
pectineus
(obturator externus)
Posterior compartment of the thigh
hamstrings (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris (long and short head))
Anterior compartment of the leg
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus
Lateral compartment of the leg
fibularis brevis and longus
Posterior compartment of the leg
gastrocnemius and soleus
tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
Posterior attachments of hip generally do what actions?
lateral rotation and extension
Anterior attachments of hip generally do what actions?
medial rotation and flexion
