Muscles I

Question 1

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 1

skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle

Question 2

unique characteristics

Answer 2

muscle cells are elongated, only tissues capable of movement, all muscles share terminology

Question 3

terminology of muscles

Answer 3

myo, mys, sacro refers to muscles

Question 4

characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 4

each skeletal muscle is considered an organ, muscle fiber is striated, usually muscle cells vary in shape/size, under voluntary control, individual cells run from one end of the muscle to another

Question 5

what causes striated appearance?

Answer 5

muscle fibers arranged parallel to another

Question 6

2 types of fibers

Answer 6

thin, thick fibers

Question 7

where are nuclei are pushed?

Answer 7

edge; plasma membrane

Question 8

tissue loses the ability to

Answer 8

divide but can become more packed with protein fibers

Question 9

all muscle tissues exhibit

Answer 9

excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity

Question 10

excitability

Answer 10

ability to respond to stimuli; every cell carries electric charge

Question 11

contractility

Answer 11

ability to generate tension and shorten cell length

Question 12

extensibility

Answer 12

ability to return to relaxed state; does not require energy/force

Question 13

elasticity

Answer 13

ability to resist stretch

Question 14

functions of skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 14

body movement, maintenance of posture, protection and support, guards openings, heat production

Question 15

maintenance of posture

Answer 15

prevention of movement

Question 16

guard openings

Answer 16

sphincter muscles that maintain the constriction of natural body passages or an orfice

Question 17

heat production

Answer 17

muscle contraction generates heat due to action of mitochondria in the cells

Question 18

how does heat distribution go throughout the body?

Answer 18

blood takes heat from bodies core and muscles and redirect to skin and helps with distribution of heat in general

Question 19

fascicles

Answer 19

bundle of muscle fibers

Question 20

perimysium

Answer 20

layer of CT surrounding fascicle

Question 21

endomysium

Answer 21

layer of CT surrounding each individual muscle fiber

Question 22

what type of CT is endomysium?

Answer 22

areolar CT

Question 23

skeletal muscle fiber organization

Answer 23

muscle > fascicles > muscle fibers > myofibrils > myofilaments

Question 24

muscle organization/arrangements

Answer 24

parallel, convergent, pennate, circular fascicle arrangement

Question 25

parallel arrangement

Answer 25

organized parallel to the long axis of the muscle

Question 26

parallel arrangement advantages

Answer 26

allows for greatest distance of movement to close the greatest angle between bones

Question 27

parallel arrangement disadvantages

Answer 27

weak

Question 28

eg. of parallel arrangement

Answer 28

biceps brachii, rectus abdominis, supinator

Question 29

convergent arrangement

Answer 29

triangular muscle; contraction of all fibers moves narrow end towards broad end

Question 30

convergent arrangement allows for movement in

Answer 30

different directions

Question 31

eg. of convergent muscles

Answer 31

pectoralis major

Question 32

pennate arrangement

Answer 32

feather-like appearance

Question 33

where do muscles attach in pennate arrangements?

Answer 33

central ridge

Question 34

strongest type of muscle arrangement

Answer 34

pennate muscle arrangement

Question 35

pennate arrangement power

Answer 35

proportionally more force but do not contact over much distance

Question 36

types of pennate muscles

Answer 36

unipennate, bipennate, multipennate muscles

Question 37

unipennate

Answer 37

has a central tendon

Question 38

bipennate muscles

Answer 38

fascicles attach to a central tendon from 2 different angles

Question 39

multipennate muscles

Answer 39

fascicles attach to a central tendon from 2 different angles

Question 40

eg. of pennate muscles

Answer 40

extensor digitorum, rectus femoris, deltoid muscle

Question 41

circular fascicle arrangement

Answer 41

concentric around an opening; sphincter muscle

Question 42

circular fascicle arrangement contraction

Answer 42

diameter of the circle becomes smaller when contracting

Question 43

arrangement of muscle fascicles help to determine its

Answer 43

motion and power

Question 44

power of muscle is determined by

Answer 44

amount of muscle fibers

Question 45

types of muscle attachment

Answer 45

direct, indirect attachment

Question 46

direct attachment

Answer 46

the periosteum and epimysium are directly attached to each other

Question 47

eg. of direct attachment

Answer 47

intercostal muscles within the ribs, pectoralis major, temporalis muscle

Question 48

indirect attachment

Answer 48

the epimysium and periosteum are not directly attached (CT between them)

Question 49

tendon

Answer 49

rope like structure that formed by merger of CT at the end of a muscle

Question 50

tendon attachment

Answer 50

muscle to bone or skin to another muscle

Question 51

aponeurosis

Answer 51

sheet like structures

Question 52

advantages of tendons

Answer 52

muscles cant pas over bones as easily as tendons can; delicate tissues would typically be destroyed

Question 53

tendons can concentrate pulling power of a muscle on

Answer 53

one specific spot

Question 54

most muscles extend

Answer 54

over a joint and attach to bones on either side of a joint causing movement of a joint

Question 55

muscles contraction causes

Answer 55

one bone to move while the other bone remains fixed

Question 56

origin

Answer 56

less moveable attachment

Question 57

insertion

Answer 57

more moveable attachment