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Human Anatomy > Introduction to Anatomy/Terminology > Flashcards

Introduction to Anatomy/Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

branch of anatomy that deals with the structure of organs and tissues that are visible to the naked eye

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2
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

study of the structure that makes up a discrete body system

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3
Q

Discrete Body System

A

group of structures that work together to perform a unique body function

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4
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

study of anatomy with the use of specials aids that help visualize structures

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5
Q

Cytology

A

study of cells

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6
Q

Histology

A

study of tissues

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7
Q

Body Organization: 6 Distinct Levels

A

subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism (human)

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8
Q

Integumentary System: Function

A

encloses internal structures, site of many sensory receptors, protects against environmental hazards, helps control temperature

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9
Q

Integumentary System: Major Organs

A

skin

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10
Q

Skeletal System: Function

A

support the body by protecting soft tissues, enable the body to move together w/ skeletal system

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11
Q

Skeletal System: Major Organs

A

bones, joints, cartilage

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12
Q

Muscular System: Function

A

provides movement and support together w/ skeletal system, helps generate heat

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13
Q

Muscular System: Major Organs

A

skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments to which they are attached

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14
Q

Nervous System: Function

A

it detects and processes sensory information, coordinates the activities of other organ systems

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15
Q

Nervous System: Major Organs

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves

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16
Q

Endocrine System: Function

A

responsible for integration and regulation: directs long term changes in the activity of organ systems by secreting hormones that travel throughout the body and regulate those bodily processes

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17
Q

Endocrine System: Major Organs

A

glands (pituitary, thyroid, adrenal), pancreas, ovaires

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18
Q

Cardiovascular System: Function

A

distributes materials throughout the body: delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, helps equalize temperatures in the body by pumping blood throughout the body

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19
Q

Cardiovascular System: Major Organs

A

heart, blood vessels (associated with heart and blood that travels through those blood vessels)

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20
Q

Lymphatic System: Function

A

fluid transport, return fluid to the blood from body tissues, defends against pathogens

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21
Q

Lymphatic System: Major Organs

A

lymph nodes, spleen, thymus

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22
Q

Lymph nodes

A

where content of body fluid is monitored

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23
Q

Respiratory System: Function

A

remove carbon dioxide from the body, delivering oxygen throughout the body, gas exchange between between the air and circulating blood

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24
Q

Respiratory System: Major Organs

A

lungs, nasal cavity, trachea

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25
Q

Digestive System: Function

A

responsible for processing and digesting food for use by the body, absorbing nutrients, removes waste from undigested food

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26
Q

Digestive System: Major Organs

A

stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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27
Q

Digestive System: Accessory Organs

A

liver, gallbladder

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28
Q

Urinary System: Function

A

controls water balance in body by elimination excess water/salt/waste, controls pH, regulates blood pressure by removing fluid from body

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29
Q

Urinary System: Major Organs

A

kidneys, urinary bladder

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30
Q

Reproductive System: Function

A

produce sex cells and hormones

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31
Q

Reproductive System: Male Function

A

responsible for delivering gametes to female

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32
Q

Reproductive System: Female Function

A

responsible for supporting the embryo/fetus until birth, producing milk to support the infant after birth

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33
Q

Reproductive System: Male Major Organs

A

testes, epididymis

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34
Q

Reproductive System: Female Major Organs

A

mammary glands, ovaries, uterus

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35
Q

3 Divisions of the Body

A

body wall, body cavities, organs

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36
Q

Body Wall

A

frame work of the trunk

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37
Q

Body Wall includes

A

skin, skeleton, muscle

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38
Q

Extensions of the body wall

A

arms, head, legs

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39
Q

Body Cavities

A

internal space that holds vital organs

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40
Q

Largest Body Cavity

A

vental cavity

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41
Q

Body Cavity holds what organs?

A

digestive, urinary, respiratory organs

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42
Q

body cavities are inside

A

inside torso and abdomen

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43
Q

Organs

A

discrete structures within the body that are capable of performing specific functions

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44
Q

Major Body Cavities

A

dorsal and ventral cavity

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45
Q

Dorsal Cavity includes

A

cranial and spinal cavity

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46
Q

Ventral Cavity includes

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic
cavity

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47
Q

Thoracic cavity separated by

A

pleural and mediastinum cavity

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48
Q

Pleural cavity houses

A

left and right lung

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49
Q

Mediastinum Cavity

A

structure in between the lungs

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50
Q

Mediastinum cavity houses

A

esophagus, trachea, heart

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51
Q

What cavity is contained in mediastinum?

A

pericardial cavity

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52
Q

Abdominopelvic cavities

A

abdomen and pelvic

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53
Q

Abdomen Cavity holds

A

holds organs of digestion and some urinary system structures

54
Q

Pelvic Cavity holds

A

holds reproductive structures and some urinary system structures

55
Q

What smooth muscle separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

56
Q

Diaphragm

A

responsible for changing the dimensions of the thoracic cavity causing exhalation and inhalation

57
Q

Serous Membranes

A

specialized membranes which which secrete a slippery fluid allowing fricitonless movement of moist organs across from one another

58
Q

4 Components of Serous Membrane

A
  1. serous cavities
  2. serous fluid
  3. visceral serous membrane
  4. parietal serous membrane
59
Q

Serous Cavities

A

space between two layers of membrane

60
Q

Serous Fluid

A

Housed inside the serous cavity

61
Q

Visceral Serous Membrane

A

membrane overlying the surface of the organ (up against guts and organs)

62
Q

Parietal Serous Membrane

A

membrane which is touching other moving organs

63
Q

Serous Membrane Examples

A
  1. around the heart: pericardium
  2. around the lungs: pleura
  3. around the digestive organs: peritoneum
64
Q

Pericardium Serous Components

A

pericardium fluid, visceral/parietal pericardium

65
Q

Pleura Serous Components

A

pleural space, pleural fluid, visceral/parietal pleura

66
Q

The body is…

A

not a solid mass of cells, but one large hollow structure

67
Q

Trunk

A

large hollow structure subdivided into small space

68
Q

Cavities

A

hollow spaces where specialized organs are contained

69
Q

Extremities

A

arms and legs

70
Q

Standard Anatomic Position (SAP)

A

individual is standing upright, upper limbs at side, feet together, toes pointing forwards, face directed forwards, palms forward, thumbs lateral to the midline

71
Q

Cephalic region

A

everything in head

72
Q

Parts of the cephalic region

A

cranial, nasal, cervical, ocular, otic, buccal, oral region

73
Q

Cranial Region

74
Q

Nasal Region

75
Q

Cervical Region

76
Q

Ocular Region

77
Q

Buccal Region

78
Q

Oral Region

79
Q

Axillary Region

A

armpit region

80
Q

Brachial Region

A

upper part of the arm (bicep)

81
Q

Antebrachial Region

82
Q

Carpal Region

83
Q

Manual Region

A

whole area of the hand

84
Q

Parts of the Manual Region

A

palmar, digital region, pollicis

85
Q

Femoral Region

86
Q

Patellar Region

87
Q

Crural region

A

lower part of the lower limb (shin)

88
Q

Pedal Region

89
Q

Parts of the Pedal Region

A

tarsal (ankle), phalangeal (toes), hallucis, plantar, calcaneal

90
Q

Digital Region

A

fingers, toes

91
Q

Thoracic Region contains

A

heart, lungs, mediastinum

92
Q

Mammary Region

A

breast/pectoralis

93
Q

Abdominal Region

A

contains abdominal cavity

94
Q

Part of the Abdominal Region

A

umbilical region

95
Q

Umbilical Region

A

belly button

96
Q

Antecubital Region

A

inside of the elbow (where blood draws occur)

97
Q

Pelvic Region

A

below abdominal region, above femoral region

98
Q

Parts of the Pelvic Region

A

coxal, inguinal, pubic region

99
Q

Coxal Region

100
Q

Inguinal Region

101
Q

Acromial Region

A

point of the shoulder (scapula)

102
Q

Olecranal Region

A

posterior of the elbow

103
Q

Lumbar Region

A

lower back

104
Q

Gluteal Region

105
Q

Popliteal Region

A

posterior knee

106
Q

Sural Region

107
Q

Calcaneal Region

108
Q

Pollicis Region

109
Q

Hallucis Region

110
Q

Dorsal Region

A

whole back side

111
Q

Directional/relative terminology

A

describing where on the body a part is in relation to something else

112
Q

Superior and Inferior

A

refers to structures on the trunk

113
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

towards the head

114
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

towards the feet

115
Q

Anterior

A

towards the front

116
Q

Posterior

A

towards the back

117
Q

Superficial

A

towards the surface

118
Q

Deep

A

towards the inside

119
Q

Supine

A

lying on back

120
Q

Prone

A

lying on stomach

121
Q

Supinates

A

palms facing out

122
Q

Pronated

A

palms facing towards the back

123
Q

Medial

A

towards midline

124
Q

Lateral

A

away from the midline

125
Q

Proximal

A

close to point of attachement

126
Q

Distal

A

far from point of attachment

127
Q

Sections (planes)

A

sagittal, midsagittal, coronal/front, transverse sections

128
Q

Saggital Section

A

separates left and right sides

129
Q

Midsagittal

A

divides the body in equal left and right halves

130
Q

Parasagittal

A

divides body/organ into unequal right and left sections

131
Q

Coronal/Front section

A

separates the front and back

132
Q

Transverse Section

A

separates the top from the bottom

Human Anatomy (4 decks)

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