Muscles and Movement Flashcards
What is a tendon?
Fibrous collagen tissue that attaches muscle to bone
What is a ligament?
Flexible, fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone.
What is a flexor?
A muscle that contracts to bend a joint
What is an extensor?
A muscle that contracts to straighten a joint
What is an antagonistic pair?
Two muscles that work together to move a joint. One muscle contracts and the other relaxes to create opposite forces.
What structures make up skeletal muscle?
Muscle fibres made up of bundles of myofibrils
Describe the structure of myofibrils.
Myofibrils are made up of proteins, actin filaments and myosin filaments.
What is the sarcolemma?
The muscle fibre cell membrane
What are transverse (T) tubules?
Inward folds of the sarcolemma
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
A network of internal membranes that run through the sarcoplasm.
What is the function of the T-tubules?
They help spread electrical impulses throughout the sarcoplasm so that muscle contraction can occur
What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
It stores and releases calcium ions that are needed for muscle contraction
How are muscles fibres specialised for muscle contraction?
They contain lots of mitochondria in order to produce ATP used for muscle contraction.
