Aerobic Respiration Flashcards
Where does glycolysis take place?
The cytoplasm
Where does the link reaction, the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation take place?
The mitochondrial matrix
Describe the steps that take place during glycolysis.What
- Glucose is phosphorylated by ATP
- This produces two molecules of triose phosphate
- Triose phosphate is oxidised and forms two pyruvate molecules, producing 4ATP and reduced NAD
- NAD collects the hydrogen to form reduced NAD
What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis?
2 ATP
Describe the steps that take place during the link reaction.
- Pyruvate is decarboxylated
- Pyruvate is converted to acetate, producing CO2 and reduced NAD
- Acetate combines with CoA to form acetyl CoA
Describe the steps that take place during the Krebs Cycle.
- Acetyl CoA combines with 4-C to form 6-C
- CoA goes back to the link reaction to be used again
- 6-C is converted to 5-C, producing CO2 and reduced NAD
- 5-C is converted to 4-C, producing two reduced NAD, reduced FAD, ATP and CO2
What are NAD and FAD?
Coenzymes that accept hydrogen molecules
Describe the steps that take place during oxidative phosphorylation.
- Hydrogen atoms released from reduced NAD and FAD when it becomes oxidised
- Hydrogen atoms split into protons (H+) and electrons (e-)
- Electrons move down ETC, through a series of redox reactions, losing energy as they go
- Energy is then used to pump H+ from the matrix to the intermembrane space
- This creates an electrochemical gradient
- H+ move down gradient into the matrix via ATP synthase
- This movement causes the synthesis of ATP from ADP+Pi
- At the end of the ETC, H+, e- and O2 combine to form water
How many ATP molecules are produced by the process of aerobic respiration?
38
What is chemiosmosis?
The movement of hydrogen ions across the membrane to generate ATP
What is decarboxylation?
The removal of a carbon molecule
What is dehydrogenation?
The removal of a hydrogen molecule
What is phosphorylation?
The addition of a phosphate molecule to an organic compound
