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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Muscles and Bones of the Thorax, Spine, Hip > Flashcards

Muscles and Bones of the Thorax, Spine, Hip Flashcards

Actions, Synergists, Origins, Insertions, Innervation

1
Q

Which muscles Flex the Hip

A

Psoas Major

Iliacus

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Sartorius

Rectus Femoris

Gluteus Medius (Anterior Fibers)

Gluteus Minimus

Adductors except Gracilis (Assist)

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2
Q

Which Muscles Extend the Hip

A
  • Gluteus Maximus
  • Gluteus Medius (posterior fibers)
  • Biceps Femoris (Long head)
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
  • Adductor Magnus (posterior fibers)
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3
Q

Which muscles Medially Rotate the Hip (Internal Rotation)

A
  • Gluteus Medius (Anterior fibers)
  • Gluteus Minimus
  • Tensor Fascia Latae
  • Adductors (All)
  • Semi/Hamstrings (Assist)
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4
Q

Which muscles are involved in Lateral Rotation of HIp (External Rotation)

A
  • Gluteus Maximus
  • Gluteus Medius
  • Lateral Rotators
  • Psoas major
  • Iliacus
  • Sartorius
  • Biceps femoris (assists, Long head)
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5
Q

Which muscles perform ABduction

A
  • All Glutes (Max, Med, Min)
  • Tensor Fascia Latae
  • Sartorius
  • Piriformis (when hip is flexed!)
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6
Q

Which muscles perform ADduction

A
  • Adductors (All 5 of them - Magnus, Longus, Brevis, Pectineus, Gracilis)
  • Gluteus Maximus (lower fibers)
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7
Q

Which muscles perform Knee Flexion (Bend)

A
  • Hamstrings (Bicep Fem, Semis)
  • Gracilis
  • Sartorius

(others we haven’t studied)

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8
Q

Which muscles perform Knee Extension

A

Quads

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9
Q

Which muscles — Medial Rotation of Flexed Knee

A
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
  • Gracilis
  • Sartorius

(All 3 that attach as Pes + Membranosus)

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10
Q

Which muscle - Lateral Rotation of Flexed Knee

A

Biceps Femoris

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11
Q

Which muscles - Anterior Tilt of Pelvis (Downward Rotation)

A
  • Psoas Major
  • Iliacus

Latissimus dorsi (assists)

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12
Q

Which muscles - Posterior Tilt of Pelvis (Upward Rotation)

A
  • Biceps Femoris
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
  • Rectus abdominis (Maybe)

Psoas Minor (if you have it)

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13
Q

Lateral Tilt of Pelvis

A
  • Quadratus Lumborum (unilaterally)
  • Latissimus Dorsi assists (but we haven’t studied this yet)*
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14
Q

Vertebral Column Flexion

A
  • Rectus Abdominis
  • External Oblique (bilaterally)
  • Internal Oblique (bilaterally)

Not primary

  • Psoas major (with insertion fixed)
  • Iliacus (with insertion fixed)
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15
Q

Vertebral Column Extension

A
  • Longissimus (bilaterally)
  • Iliocostalis (bilaterally)
  • Mutifidi (bilaterally)
  • Rotatores (bilaterally)
  • Semispinalis capitis
  • Spinalis (bilaterally)
  • Quadratus Lumborum (assists)
  • Interspinalis (ALL THIS DOES)
  • Intertransversarii (bilaterally)
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16
Q

Vertebal Column Rotation

A

External Oblique (to the opposite side) Internal Oblique (to the same side) Multifidi (to the opposite side) Rotatores (to the opposite side)

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17
Q

Lateral flexion of vertebral column (Unilateral / side bend)

A
  • Iliocostalis (Both)
  • External Oblique
  • Internal Oblque
  • Longissimus
  • Quadratus Lumborum
  • Psoas Major (assists)
  • Intertransversarii
  • Spinalis
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18
Q

Muscles of inhalation

A
  • Diaphragm
  • External Intercostals (assists)
  • Serratus posterior superior
  • Quadratus lumborum

(and a bunch we haven’t studied yet - scalene, SCM, pecs, subclavius)

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19
Q

Muscles of exhalation

A
  • (relaxation of diaphragm)
  • Internal intercostals (assists)
  • Serratus posterior inferior
  • Quadratus Lumborum
  • External, Internal Obliques (by compressing abdominals) Transverse Abdominals (by compressing)
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20
Q

Where do all of the Lateral Rotators insert?

A

Various parts of the Greater Trochanter

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21
Q

The Lateral Rotator (aka deep 6) are all innervated by which nerve, except?

A

Sacral Plexus Except the Obturator Externus, which is innervated by the Obturator nerve and is the only muscle on the Anterior section of the pelvis

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22
Q

What are the actions of the Piriformis and how does it differ from the other Lateral rotators?

A

Rotate the hip laterally ABDUCT the FLEXED hip

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23
Q

What are the Origins, and Insertions of the Piriformis

A
  • Origin: Anterior surface of the Sacrum
  • Insertion: Superior part of the Greater Trochanter
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24
Q

What are the Actions of the Iliopsoas muscles?

A

Psoas Major, Iliacus:

  • Flex the hip
  • Laterally Rotate the hip

There are other actions that are listed when the origin is Fixed, however these are not the primary actions. - Flex the Spine (Crunch)

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25
Q

Which muscles does the Femoral nerve Innervate?

A
  • All Quadriceps (Vastus, Rectus)
  • Iliac
  • Sartorius
  • Pectineus (Along with the obturator)
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26
Q

The Psoas Major and Quadratus Lumborum share an innervation, what is it?

A

Lumbar Plexus

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27
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the Iliopsoas muscles

A

Origin:

  • Psoas Major: Transverse processes of the Lumbar Vertebrae
  • Iliacus: The surface of the Iliac Fossa

Insertion:

  • Both insert at the Lesser Trochanter
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28
Q

What is the orientation of the Adductors vs. the Lateral Rotators

A

The Adductors are located Anteriorly The Lateral Rotators are located Posteriorly

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29
Q

Which muscles are deep to the Sciatic Nerve, which muscle lies over it?

A

The Piriformis lies superficial to the Sciatic Nerve

The other Lateral Rotators: Quadratus Femoris, Obturator, Internus, Obturator Externus, Gemellus Superior and Gemellus Inferior lie deep to the Sciatic Nerve

30
Q

What are the actions of the Sartorius Muscle

A

Imagine Crossing and Uncrossing your leg: Flex the hip Laterally rotate the hip Abduct the hip (uncrossing) Flex the knee (crosses the Knee) Medially rotate the flexed knee

31
Q

What is the AOIN for the TFL and IT

A

A: Abduct the hip Flex the hip Medially rotate the hip O: Iliac crest (posterior to the ASIS) I: IT Tract (which inserts at the tibial tubercle distally) N: Superior Gluteal Nerve

32
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the Superior Gluteal Nerve

A

Gluteus Minimum Gluteus Medius Tensor Fasciae Latae

33
Q

What are the actions of the Adductor muscles? How does the Gracilis differ (and why)

A
  • Adduct the hip
  • Medially Rotate the hip
  • Assist to flex the hip (except Gracilis)
  • Extend the hip (Adductor magnus only)

Gracilis

  • Flex the knee
  • Medially rotate the knee - Only one to cross the knee joint, inserts at the PAT
34
Q

Which muscles insert at the Pes Anserinus Tendon — what actions do they have in common because of this insertion?

A

Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinous They all Flex the knee and Medially rotate the flexed knee

35
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the OBTURATOR Nerve

A

All Adductors (The Magnus also innervates at Sciatic, The Pectineus also at the Femoral) Obturator Externus

36
Q

At which bone do all of the Adductors Originate?

A

Various landmarks of the PUBIS Adductor Magnus also attaches at the ischium and ischial tuberoristy cause he a big boy

37
Q

What actions do the Hamstrings share, which actions are different?

A

All Hamstring Muscles:

  • Flex the Knee
  • Extend the hip (long head of Biceps)
  • Tilt pelvis Posteriorally

Bicep Fem -

  • Laterally rotate the **flexed knee***

Short head:

  • Assist to laterally rotate the hip

Semis

  • Medially rotate the flexed knee Assist to medially rotate the hip
38
Q

What bony landmark do all of the Hamstring muscles originate at?

A
  • Ischial Tuberosity
  • Except Short head of BF: Lateral lip of linea aspera
39
Q

Which nerve innervates the Hamstring muscles?

A

Tibial Branch of Sciatic Nerve Except Short head of BF: Peroneal Branch

40
Q

What are the insertions for the Hamstring muscles?

A
  • BF: Head of FIBula
  • ST: Pes Anserinus Tendon
  • SM: MEDial condyle of the TIBIA
41
Q

What are the actions of the Quads?

A
  • Extend the Knee
  • Rectus Femoris also FLEXES the hip
42
Q

What are the origins and insertions and innervations of the Quads?

A

O:

  • RF: AIIS
  • Vlat: Gluteal Tuberosity, Lateral Linea Aspera, Greater Trochanter
  • Vmed: Medial Linea Aspera
  • Vint: Anterior/Lateral Shaft of Femur

I: Tibial Tuberosity

N: FEMORAL

43
Q

All of the Gluteus muscles Originate at the Gluteal Surface of the Ilium and Insert at the Greater Trochanter except? Where does this muscle O and I?

A

Gluteus Maximus

O: Iliac crest, coccyx, sacrum, ligaments

I: IT band, Gluteal Tuberosity (of Femur)

44
Q

What are the actions of the Gluteus muscles?

A

ALL:

Abduct the hip

Maximus:

  • Laterally Rotate the Hip,
  • Extend the Hip
  • Lower Fibers: ADDuct the hip

Medius:

Anterior Fibers:

  • FLEX the hip,
  • MEDIALLY rotate the hip

Posterior Fibers:

  • EXTEND the hip,
  • Laterally Rotate the hip

Minimus: (in opposition to the Maximus - Anterior side of Gr. Troch)

  • FLEX the hip,
  • MEDIALLY rotate the hip
45
Q

What is the AOIN for the Intertransversarii

A

A:

  • Extend the Spine,
  • Flex the Spine to the same side (Transverse)

O/I: Transverse processes of Cervical and Lumbar

N: Dorsal and Ventral Rami / Spinal

46
Q

What is the AOIN for the Interspinalis

A

A: Extend the spine (THAT’S IT!)

O/I: Spinous processes of Cervical and Lumbar

N: Dorsal Rami /Spinal

47
Q

Which bony landmarks do the Serratus Posterior and Inferior originate and insert?

A

Originate on Spinous Process (fixed)

Insert on the Ribs (moving)

48
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the Intercostals?

A

Intercostal Muscles

Abdominal Muscles (except Pyramidalis)

49
Q

What is the innervation of the Serratus Posterior muscles

A

Spinal Nerves (1-4 Superior, 9-12 Inferior)

50
Q

Where do the Intercostals Originate and Insert

A

O: Inerior border of rib above

I: Superior border of rib below

51
Q

What is the AOIN for the Diaphragm?

A

A: Draw down the central tendon to expand lungs

O: Ribs, Spin, Lumbar, Xiphoid

I: Central Tendon

N: PHRENIC NERVE

52
Q

What are the Actions of the Internal and External Obliques?

A

Both:

  • Laterally Flex Spine to SAME side (Unilaterally)
  • Flex the vertebral column (CRUNCH)
  • Compress the abdominal contents

External: Rotate to the OPPOSITE side

Internal: Rotate to the SAME side

53
Q

What are the Origins and Insertions of the Internal and External Obliques

A

Internal Oblique: (Crunch Pulls Ribs to Hip, Compresses)

  • O: Inguinal Ligament, Iliac crest, Thorocolumbar
  • I: Lower 3 Ribs, Linea Alba

External Oblique: (Crunch pulls HIPS to RIBS)

  • O: Lower 8 Ribs (LOTS OF RIB)
  • I: Iliac Crest, Linea Alba
54
Q

What is the actions and attachments for the Transverse Abominis

A

A: Compress Abdominal Contents

O: Lateral Inguinal Ligament, Iliac Crest, Thorocolumnbar, Internal surface of lower 6 ribs

(ADD THE O of bothe the Int/Ext)

I: Linea Alba

55
Q

What are the actions and insertions of the Rectus Abdominis

A

A:

  • Flex the Spine,
  • Tilt the pelvis posteriorly

O: Pubic Crest, Pubic Symphysis (FIXED ON GROUND DURING CRUNCH)

I: Xiphoid Process, Cart. Of 5-7 Ribs (RIBS MOVE TOWARD HIPS)

56
Q

What is the AOIN for the Quadratus Lumborum

A

Unilaterally:

  • Laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis
  • Laterally flex to the same side
  • Assist to Extend the vertibral column

Bilaterally: Fix the last rib

O: Posterior Iliac Crest

I: Last rib and transverse process of Lumbar 1-4

N: Lumbar Plexus

57
Q

What are the actions and Innervation of the suboccipitals

A

Actions:

RCPS, RCPI, OCS: Rock and tilt the head to extension RCPS, OCI: Rotate to the same side

OCI Doesn’t attach to head.

N: Suboccipitals

58
Q

Which suboccipitals share the same attachment point?

A

Obliquus Capitus Inferior and Superior both attach to the Transverse process of C1

59
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the Rectus Capitos Posterior Major and Minor

A

Origin:

  • Major: Spinous C2 (bigger)
  • Minor: Spinous C1 (smaller)

Insertion: Inferior Nuchal line of Occiput

60
Q

What are the actions of the Splenii (Splenius Capitis, Splenius Cervicis)

A

Bilaterally:

  • Rotate to the same side,
  • Flex to the Same side

Unilaterally: Extend the HEAD and NECK

61
Q

What are the origins, insertions, and innervation of the Splenii?

A

O: Capitis: Ligamentum Nuchae and Spinous Process Cervicis: Spinous Process T3-T6

I: Capitis: Mastoid Process and Lateral portion of sup. Nuchal line Cervicis: Transverse Process C1-C3 N: Cervical

62
Q

What are the Transversospinalis Muscles from Superficial to Deep?

A

Semispinalis Multifidi Rotatores

63
Q

What are the actions and innervation of the Mutifidi and Rotatores

A

Unilaterlly: Rotate to OPPOSITE side

Bi: Extend the verterbral column

N: Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerve

64
Q

What is the AOIN of the Semispinalis Capitis

A

A: Extend the vertebral column AND HEAD

O: TRANSVERSE PROCESS (C4-T5)

I: B/T Nuchal LInes N: Cervical

65
Q

What are the origins and insertionso of the Multifidi and Rotatores

A

O:

M: Sacrum and Transverse Process (R: Only Transverse Process)

I: Spinous Process M: Go 2-4 at a time, R: 1-2 at a time

66
Q

What are the muscles of the Erector Spinae from Lateral to Medial?

A

Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis

67
Q

What are the Actions and the Innervation of the Erector Spinae Group?

A

Unilaterally: Flex to the Same Side

Bilaterally: Extend the spine

N: Posterior Rami of Spinal Branch

68
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Iliocostalis

A

O: RIBS (COSTALIS) 1-12, Common Tendon (Thorocolumbar)

I: Tranverse processes Lumbar and Cervical, Ribs in thoracic

69
Q

What are the origins and insertions for the Longissimus?

A

O: Common Tendon, up through Tranverse Processes of Thoracic Vert.

I: Ribs, Transverse Proccess, Mastoid Process (All the way up the spine to the Head)

70
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the Spinalis?

A

Most medial - right along the spine in the Lamina grove

O: SPINOUS process of upper lumblar, lower thoracic, C7, ligamentum nuchae

I: Spinous processes from throacic to C2

71
Q

What is the Bone pictured here?

What are the key bony landmarks?

A

Sternum -

  • Manubrium
  • Jugular Notch
  • Clavicular Notches
  • Synchondrosis of the first rib
  • Sternal Angle (joint)
  • Costal Notches
  • Xiphoid Process
72
Q

What is the bone(s) pictured here?

What are the different types?

What are the associated Bony landmarks, be able to locate them on the image?

A
  • True Rib 1-7
  • False Ribs 8-12
  • Floating Ribs 11-12 (no neck/tubercle)

1st Rib Only: Scalene Tubercle and Grooves for Subclavian Artery and Vein

Typical Ribs:

  • Head
  • Neck
  • Tubercle
  • Costal Angle (most curved)
  • Costal Groove

Costal Margin (Costal cartilage of 8,9,10)

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (5 decks)

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