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01 - Ankle + Foot > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

> Position: anterior compartment of leg, lateral to anterior border of tibia
Origin: Upper half of lateral tibia (+ adjacent IM)
Insertion: Medial surface of medial cuneiform
: Medial base of 1st MT
(blends with insertion of peroneus longus)
Action: Dorsiflexes foot
: Inverts foot
: Supports medial longitudinal arch
Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve (L4-5)

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2
Q

Extensor Digitorum longus

A

Position: anterior compartment of leg, lateral to tibialis anterior
Origin: Upper 2/3 anterior fibula (adjacent IM)
Insertion: Extensor hoods of digits 2-5 (bases of middle + distal phalanx of digits 2-5)
Action: Assists Dorsiflexion of foot
: Extends MTP, PIP, DIP of digits 2-5
Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve (L5-S1)

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3
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Position: anterior compartment of leg, on mid-anterior surface of fibula crossing to medial side
Origin: Middle 1/3 of anterior fibula (+adjacent IM)
Insertion: dorsal base of distal phalanx of great toe
(slips to 1st MT and base of proximal phalanx)
Action: assists dorsiflexion of foot
: extends MTP, IP joint of great toe
Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve (L5-S1)

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4
Q

Peroneus Tertius

A

Position: anterior compartment of leg, mid-medial fibula and staying lateral
Origin: Lower 1/4 of medial fibula (+adjacent IM)
(some consider it an extra slip of EDL)
Insertion: Base of 5th MT (styloid process)
Action: assists dorsiflexion
: assists eversion
Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve L5-S1

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5
Q

Peroneus Longus

A

Position: Lateral compartment of leg, runs behind lateral malleolus and under peroneal retinaculum
Origin: Upper 2/3 lateral fibula incl. head
(small slip to lateral tibial condyle)
Insertion: Plantar base of 1st MT
: Plantar aspect of medial cuneiform
(blends with tibialis anterior insertion)
Action: Everts the foot
: assists plantar flexion of foot
: supports lateral longitudinal arch
Innervation: Superficial peroneal nerve (L5-S1)

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6
Q

Peroneus Brevis

A

Position: Lateral compartment of leg, deep to peroneus longus
Origin: Lower 2/3 of lateral fibula (ant. to longus)
Insertion: Styloid process of 5th MT
Action: Everts foot
: assists plantarflexion
Innervation: Superficial peroneal nerve L5-S1

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7
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Position: Superficial posterior compartment of leg, giving contour to posterior aspect
Origin: 2 heads: posterior aspects of femoral condyles
Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus via tendocalcaneus
Action: Plantarflexes foot
: assists knee flexion
Innervation: Tibial Nerve S1-2

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8
Q

Plantaris

A

Position: superficial posterior compartment, small muscle with long tendon from post. lateral femur to posterior calcaneus
Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
Insertion: Medial aspect of tendocalcaneus or directly to posterior surface of calcaneus
Action: assists plantarflexion
: assists knee flexion
Innervation: Tibial Nerve S1-2

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9
Q

Soleus

A

Position: Superficial posterior compartment, deep to gastrocnemius
Origin: Soleal line on posterior tibia
: upper 1/3 of post fibula incl. head
Insertion: blends with deep surface of tendocalcaneus to posterior calcaneus
Action: Plantarflexes foot (especially in knee flexion)
Innervation: tibial nerve S1-S2

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10
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

Position: Deep posterior compartment of leg, running posterior to medial malleolus as most ant. part of tarsal tunnel
Origin: med: Posterior surface of tibia (+adjacent IM)
: lat: Proximal posterior fibula
Insertion: Plantar surface of navicular tuberosity
: Plantar surface of medial cuneiform
(slips to all tarsals except talus)
Action: assists plantarflexion
: inverts foot
: supports medial longitudinal arch
Innervation: Tibial nerve L4-5

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11
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Position: Deep posterior compartment, on posterior tibia and running posterior to tibialis posterior in tarsal tunnel
Origin: Medial aspect of posterior tibia
Insertion: 4 tendons to plantar aspect of distal phalanges
Action: flexes toes 2-5 at MTP,PIP, DIP
: assists plantarflexion
Innervation: Tibial nerve L5-S2

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12
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Position: deep posterior compartment, posterior aspect of fibula running most posterior in tarsal tunnel
Origin: Lower 2/3 posterior fibula (+adjacent IM)
Insertion: Plantar surface of distal phalanx -great toe
Action: Flexes great toe at MTP + IP joints
: Assists plantarflexion
Innervation: Tibial Nerve S1-2

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13
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

Position: Dorsum of foot, deep to tendons of EDL
Origin: Anterior part of calcaneus
: inferior extensor retinaculum
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of great toe
: lateral side of extensor hoods 2-4
Actions: extends MTP joints
: assists extension of IP joints
Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve L5-S1

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14
Q

Plantar surface: deep muscles (4th layer)

A

Plantar interossei (PAD)

  • medial side of MT’s 3-5 to medial first phalanges 3-5
  • adduct digits 3-5
  • flex MTP of digits 3-5
  • Lateral plantar nerve

Dorsal Interossei (DAB)

  • Sides of metatarsals 1-5, 1st to medial side of 2nd proximal phalange, 2-4 to the lateral sides of proximal phalanges 2-4
  • Abducts digits 2-4
  • Flex MTP of 2-4
  • Lateral plantar nerve
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15
Q

Plantar muscles: 3rd layer

A

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

  • from tibialis posterior tendon, lateral cuneiform and cuboid bone to base of proximal phalanx of great toe (sesamoid bones in its tendon)
  • Flexes MTP of great toe
  • Medial plantar nerve

Adductor Hallucis

  • oblique head - bases of MT 2,3,4
  • transverse head - plantar ligaments of MTP joints
  • both insert to lateral base of proximal phalanx of great toe
  • adduct great toe
  • support transverse arch of foot
  • Lateral plantar nerve

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

  • From base of 5th MT to base of 5th proximal phalanx
  • Flexes the 5th MTP joint
  • Lateral plantar nerve
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16
Q

Plantar Muscles: 2nd layer

A

Lumbricals:

  • from tendon of FDL to extensor hoods of digits 2-5
  • flex MTP joints
  • extend IP joints
  • most medial = medial plantar nerve
  • other 3 = lateral plantar nerve

Quadratus Plantae (flexor digitorum accessorius)

  • from medial and lateral plantar calcaneal surface to tendons of FDL
  • assist FDL in flexing lateral four digits
  • Lateral plantar nerve
17
Q

Plantar Muscles: 1st layer

A

Abductor Hallucis:

  • from medial tubercle of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum and plantar aponeurosis to medial base of proximal phalanx of great toe
  • abducts great toe
  • flexes great toe
  • Medial plantar nerve

Abductor Digiti Minimi

  • From medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneus + plantar aponeurosis to lateral base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe
  • abducts little toe
  • flexes little toe
  • Lateral plantar nerve
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
- Medial tubercle of calcaneus + plantar aponeurosis to
middle phalanges of toes 2-5
- flexes PIP of toes 2-5
- medial plantar nerve

01 - Ankle + Foot (6 decks)

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