Muscles

Question 1

Smooth muscle

Answer 1

forms the makeup of the walls of many human organs

the smooth muscle contracts and relaxes involuntarily to ensure correct functioning of the organs e.g. bladder and uterus

Question 2

Cardiac muscle

Answer 2

found in the muscles of the heart, enabling the pumping action of the heart to pump blood out of the body

Question 3

Skeletal muscle

Answer 3

allows the consciously controlled movements in the body

usually has two bone attachments, that cross a joint

when a muscle contracts, it shortens, drawing the two attachments closer together and creating movement at the joint

a skeletal muscle is connected to bones via tendons which anchor onto bones

Question 4

Isometric muscle contraction

Answer 4

the activating muscle stays at the same length

Question 5

Concentric muscle contraction

Answer 5

the activating muscle is shortening on contraction

Question 6

Eccentric muscle contraction

Answer 6

the activating muscle is lengthening on contraction

Question 7

Muscle atrophy

Answer 7

decrease in muscle mass or wasting of muscle, causing weakness and reduced force. Often caused by prolonged immobility e.g. hospitalization

Question 8

Muscle hypertrophy

Answer 8

an increase in muscle size and mass