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Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Abduction-arm 0-15, assists deltoid 15-90

Suprascapular nerve

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2
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Lateral rotation- arm

Suprascapular nerve

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3
Q

Teres minor

A

Lateral rotation

Axillary nerve

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4
Q

Subscapularis

A

Medial rotation- arm

Subscapular nerve

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5
Q

Subscapularis

A

Medial rotation-arm

Subscapular nerve

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6
Q

Teres minor

A

Lateral rotation -arm

Axillary nerve

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7
Q

Deltoid

A

Anterior fibres- flexion and medial rotation
Posterior fibres- extension and lateral rotation
Middle fibre- major abductor of the arm, 15-90
Axillary nerve

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8
Q

Teres major

A

Medial rotation-arm

Lower subscapular nerve

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9
Q

5 extrinsic muscles of shoulder

A 
Superficial
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Deep 
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid Minor 
Rhomboid Major
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10
Q

Trapezius

A

Upper fibres- elevation and rotation- scapula
Middle fibres- retraction- scapula
Lower fibres- Depression- shoulder
Accessory nerve

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11
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Extension, adduction, medial rotation -arm

Thoracodorsal nerve

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12
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Elevation- scapula

Dorsal Scapular nerve

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13
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Retraction and rotation- scapula

Dorsal scapular nerve

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14
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Retraction and rotation- scapula

Dorsal scapulae nerve

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15
Q

Muscles of the pectoral region

A

Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Serratus Anterior
Subclavius

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16
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Adduction, flexion and medial rotation

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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17
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Protraction and depression- scapula

Medial pectoral nerve

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18
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Protraction- scapula

Long Thoracic nerve

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19
Q

Subclavius

A

Depression- clavicle

Nerve to subclavius

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20
Q

Muscles of the upper arm

A 
Anterior compartment:
Biceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Posterior compartment:
Triceps Brachii
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21
Q

Innervation of the upper arm

A

Anterior compartment- musculocutaneous nerve

Posterior compartment- Radial nerve

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22
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Supination and flexion- forearm

Musculocutaneous nerve

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23
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Flexion, adduction- arm

Musculocutaneous nerve

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24
Q

Brachialis

A

Flexion- forearm

Musculocutaneous nerve

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25
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Extension- forearm

Radial nerve

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26
Q

Muscles of the forearm- anterior compartment

A 
Superficial- medial to lateral
FCU
Palmaris longus
FCR
Pronator teres

Intermediate
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Deep
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Pronator Quadratus

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27
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Flexion+ adduction- wrist

Ulnar nerve

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28
Q

Innervation, function and origin of muscles in the anterior compartment of forearm

A

Median nerve exc. FCU

Flexion- wrist+fingers
Pronation

Originates from a common Tendon which arises form the medial epicondyle of the humerus

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29
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Flexion- wrist

Median nerve

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30
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Flexion, abduction- wrist

Median nerve

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31
Q

Pronator Teres

A

Pronation- forearm

Median nerve

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32
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Flexion- MCPJ + PIPJ of the 4 fingers+ wrist

Median nerve

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33
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Flexion- DIPJ+ wrist

Median nerve

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34
Q

Muscles of the forearm- posterior compartment

A 
Superficial- lateral to medial
Brachioradialis
ECRL 
ECRB
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Digiti Minimi
ECU
Anconeus

Deep- lateral to medial
Supinator
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Longus and Brevis
Extensor Indicis Proprius
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35
Q

Pronator Quadratus

A

Pronation- forearm

Median nerve

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36
Q

Muscles of the forearm- posterior compartment

A 
Superficial- lateral to medial
Brachioradialis
ECRL 
ECRB
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Digiti Minimi
ECU
Anconeus

Deep- lateral to medial
Supinator
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Longus Longus and Brevis
Extensor Indicis
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37
Q

Innervation, function and origin of muscles in the posterior compartment of forearm

A

Radial nerve

Extension-wrist+ fingers
All Deep muscles exc. supinator acts on the thumb+ index finger

All Superfical muscles exc Brachioradialis+ECRL+ Anconeus have a common extensor tendon that originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Brachioradialis+ ECRL originates from the lateral supracondylar ridge

Anconeus originates from the lateral epicondyle

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38
Q

Extensor Digitorum

A

Extension-MCPJ + IPJ of medial 4 fingers

Radial nerve

To test the function of this muscle, the forearm is pronates and fingers are extended against resistance

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39
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A

Extension+ Abduction- wrist

Radial nerve

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40
Q

Extensor Digitorum

A

Extension-MCPJ + IPJ of medial 4 dingers

Radial nerve

To test the function of this muscle, the forearm is pronates and fingers are extended against resistance

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41
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi

A

Extension- little finger+ wrist

Radial nerve

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42
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Extension + adduction- wrist

Radial nerve

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43
Q

Anconeus

A

Extension- forearm (assists triceps)
Abduction- ulna during pronation
Radial nerve

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44
Q

Supinator

A

Supination- forearm

Radial nerve

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45
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus

A

Abduction-thumb

Radial nerve

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46
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

A

Extension- MCPJ+ IPJ of thumb

Radial nerve

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47
Q

Extensor Pollicis Longus

A

Extension- CMCJ+MCPJ+IPJ of thumb

Radial nerve

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48
Q

Extensor Indicis Proprius

A

Extension- index finger

Radial nerve

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49
Q

Muscles of the Hand

A 
Intrinsic muscles- located within the hand itself
Thenar muscles- lateral to medial
Opponens Pollicis
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Hypothenar muscles
Deep- Opponens Digiti Minimi
Superficial- Abductor Digiti Minimi
Lateral to ADM- Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

1st- 4th Lumbrical Muscles- lateral to medial

Interossei
Dorsal Interossei Muscles
Palmar Interossei Muscles

Palmaris Brevis
Adductor Pollicis

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50
Q

Innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the hand

A

All Ulnar nerve exc. Thenar muscles and lateral 2 Interossei

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51
Q

Opponens Pollicis

A

Medial rotation+flexion -thumb

Median nerve

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52
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

A

Abduction- thumb

Median nerve

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53
Q

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

A

Flexion- MCPJ- thumb

Median nerve

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54
Q

Opponens Digiti Minimi

A

Rotation- little finger (Opposition)

Ulnar nerve

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55
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Abduction- little finger

Ulnar nerve

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56
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Flexion- MCPJ- little finger

Ulnar nerve

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57
Q

Lumbricals

A

Flexion- MCPJ- fingers
Extension- IPJ- fingers

Lateral 2 lumbricals- median nerve
Medial 2 lumbricals- ulnar nerve

58
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

Abduction- MCPJ- fingers

Ulnar nerve

59
Q

Palmar Interossei

A

Adduction- MCPJ- fingers

Ulnar nerve

60
Q

Palmaris Brevis

A

Small, thin muscle found superficially in the Subcutaneous muscle of the hypothenar eminence
Wrinkles skin- hypothenar eminence
Deepens hollow of hand- assists grip
Ulnar nerve

61
Q

Adductor Pollicis

A

Large triangular muscle, two heads, palm
Adduction- thumb
Ulnar nerve

62
Q

Bounderies of the axilla

A

Apex- Lat. border of 1st rib, Sup. Border of scapula, Post. Border of clavicle
Lateral wall- intertubercular groove of the humerus
Medial wall- serratus anterior and the thoracic wall( ribs and intercostal muscles)
Anterior wall- Pectoralis major and minor
Posterior wall- Subscapularis, Teres Major, Latissmus Dorsi
Base- skin of armpit and axillary fascia from arm to thoracic wall

63
Q

Contents of the axilla

A

Axillary artery and branches
Axillary vein and branches
Axillary lymph nodes
Brachial plexus

64
Q

Bounderies of the anatomical snuffbox

A

Ulnar(medial border)- Tendon of Extensor Pollicis Longus
Radial(Lateral border)- Tendons of Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Proximal border-Styloid process of radius
Floor- carpal bones- scaphoid and trapezium
Roof- Skin

65
Q

Contents of their cubital fossa

A 
Lateral to Medial-
Radial nerve
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery 
Median nerve
66
Q

Bounderies of the anatomical snuffbox

A

Ulnar(medial border)- Tendon of Extensor Pollicis Longus
Radial(Lateral border)- Tendons of Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Proximal border-Styloid process of radius
Roof- Skin

67
Q

Contents of the anatomical Snuffbox

A

Radial artery
Superficial branch of the radial nerve
Cephalic vein

68
Q

Bounderies of the carpal tunnel

A

Carpel Arch-
Lat.- Scaphoid, Trapezium tubercles
Med.- hook of hamate, pisiform
Superficial flexor retinaculum-roof

69
Q

Function of the Superficial flexor retinaculum

A

Hold the tendons to the bony plane at the wrists and prevents them from bowing

70
Q

Contents in the Carpel tunnel

A 
9 tendons- surrounded by synovial sheath
Tendon of Flexor Pollicis Longus
4 Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Profundus
4 Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis 
Median nerve
71
Q

Carpel tunnel Syndrome- cause

A

Compression of median nerve

Inflammation of synovial sheath, fluid retention, infection

72
Q

Carpel Tunnel Syndrome- Symptoms

A

Pain or parathesia in the distribution of the median nerve
Palm is spared as the palmar cutaneous branch does not travel through the carpel tunnel
Symptoms associated with waking from sleep and worse in the mornings
Diagnosis- Tinnel’s sign
Phalen’s test

73
Q

Muscles of the Gluteal region

A 
Superficial abductors and extenders
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor Fascia Lata

Deep lateral rotators-sup to inf
Piriformis
Gemelli superior
Obturator Internus
Gemelli inferior
Quadratus femorus
74
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Extension-thigh
Assists Lateral rotation-thigh
Inferior Gluteal Nerve

75
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Abduction + Medial Rotation- thigh
Secures pelvis during locomotion
Superior Gluteal Nerve

76
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

Abduction + Medial rotation thigh
Secures pelvis during locomotion
Superior Gluteal Nerve

77
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

A

Lies towards to the anterior edge of the iliac crest
Assists Gluteus Medius and Minimus in Abduction of the lower limb
Superior Gluteal Nerve

78
Q

General actions of deep Gluteal muscles

A

Lateral rotation- thigh

Stabilise hip joint by pulling the femoral head into acetabulum of the pelvis

79
Q

Piriformus

A

Lateral rotation+ Abduction- thigh

Nerve to piriformus

80
Q

Gemelli Superior

A

Lateral rotation+ Abduction- thigh

Nerve to Obturator Internus

81
Q

Obturator Internus

A

Lateral rotation+ Abduction

Nerve to Obturator Internus

82
Q

Gemelli Inferior

A

Lateral rotation+ Abduction

Nerve to Quadratus Femoris

83
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

Lateral Rotation

Nerve to Quadratus Femoris

84
Q

Muscles in the Anterior Compartment of the thigh

A 
Iliopsoas
-Iliacus
- Psoas major
Quadriceps Femoris
- Vastus Lateralis
- Vastus Intermedius
- Vastus Medialis
- Rectus Femoris
Sartorius
Pectineus
85
Q

Insertion, Innervation and Function of muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

Iliopsoas
Insertion- common tendon, insert onto the lesser trochanter of the femur
Flexion- thigh

Quadriceps Femoris
Quadriceps Tendon- attach to patella
Main extensor of the Knee
All muscles exc. Psoas Major- Femoral nerve

86
Q

Iliacus

A

Flexion- thigh

Femoral nerve

87
Q

Psoas Major

A

Flexion- thigh

Anterior rami of L1-3

88
Q

Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Medialis

A

Extension- leg
Stabilises Patella
Femoral nerve

89
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

Flexion- thigh

Extension- leg

90
Q

Sartorius

A

Flexion+ Adduction+ Lateral rotation- Thigh
Flexion- Leg
Femoral nerve

91
Q

Pectineus

A

Adduction+ Flexion- Thigh

Femoral Nerve

92
Q

Muscles in the Medial Compartment of the thigh

A

Hip Adductors- Inf- Sup

  • Adductor Magnus
  • Adductor Longus
  • Adductor Brevis
  • Obturator externus

Gracilis- most superficial

93
Q

Innervation, Arterial supply of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

A

Obturator Nerve

Obturator artery

94
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

Adduction- Thigh

Adductor Component- Flexion- thigh
Obturator nerve

Hamstring Component- Extension- thigh
Tibial nerve

95
Q

Adductor Longus

A

Adduction- thigh

Obturator nerve

96
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

Adduction- thigh

Obturator nerve

97
Q

Obturator Externus

A

Adduction+ lateral rotation- thigh

Obturator nerve

98
Q

Gracilis

A

Adduction- thigh
Flexion- leg
Obturator nerve

99
Q

Muscles in the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh

A

Hamstrings- Lat- med

  • Biceps Femoris
  • Semitendinosis
  • Semimembranosus
100
Q

Innervation and function of the Muscles in the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh

A 
Sciatic nerve
All exc the short head - tibial part
Short Head- Common Fibular part
Flexion- Leg
Extension- Thigh
101
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

Flexion- Leg
Extension- Thigh
Lateral Rotation- Thigh+ Leg

102
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Flexion- Leg
Extension- Thigh
Medial Rotation- Thigh+ Leg

103
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Flexion- Leg
Extension- Thigh
Medial Rotation- Thigh+ Leg

104
Q

Muscles in the Anterior Compartment of the Leg

A

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Fibularis Tertius

105
Q

Innervation, blood supply and action of the muscles in the Anterior Compartment of the Leg

A

Deep Fibular nerve
Anterior Tibial artery
Dorsiflexion and Inversion- foot

106
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Dorsiflexion+ inversion- foot

Deep Fibular Nerve

107
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Extension- lateral 4 toes
Dorsiflexion- Foot
Deep Fibular Nerve

108
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Extension- great toe
Dorsiflexion- Foot
Deep Fibular Nerve

109
Q

Fibularis Tertius

A

Eversion+ Dorsiflexion- foot

Deep Fibular nerve

110
Q

Muscles in the Lateral Compartment of the Leg

A

Fibularis Longus

Fibularis - deeper and shorter

111
Q

Innervation and function of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Superficial Fibular nerve- Peroneal nerve

Eversion

112
Q

Fibularis Longus

A

Eversion+ plantarflexion- foot
Support Lateral and Transverse arch
Superficial Fibular nerve- peroneal nerve

113
Q

Fibularis Brevis

A

Eversion of the foot

Superficial Fibular nerve- Peroneal nerve

114
Q

Muscles in the posterior compartment of the Leg

A

Superficial Muscles
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus

Deep Muscles
Popliteus
Med-Lat in medial view of tendons
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
115
Q

Innervation, function and insertion of muscles in the posterior compartment of the Leg

A

Tibial nerve
Plantarflexion+ Inversion- foot
Superficial muscles- calcaneal tendon- calcaneus

116
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Plantarflexion- foot
Flexion- Knee
Tibial nerve

117
Q

Plantaris

A

Plantarflexion
Flexion- Knee
Tibial nerve

118
Q

Soleus

A

Plantarflexion- foot

Tibial nerve

119
Q

Popliteus

A

Lateral rotation- femur on tibia
Unlocking- knee joint- flexion
Tibial nerve

120
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

Invertion and Plantarflexion- foot
Maintains Medial Arch
Tibial nerve

121
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Flexion- lateral 4 toes

Tibial nerve

122
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Flexion- great toe

Tibial nerve

123
Q

Muscles of the Foot

A

Instrinsic- located within the foot
Dorsal- lat- med
- Extensor Digitorum Brevis
- Extensor Hallucis

Plantar- 10

First Layer- med- lat

  • Adductor Hallucis
  • Flexor Digitorum Brevis
  • Abductor

Second Layer -Flexor digitorum tendons

  • Quadratus Plantae
  • Lumbricals

Third Layer- med- lat

  • Flexor Hallucis Brevis
  • Adductor Hallucis
  • Flexor Digiti Minimi

Fourth Layer

  • Plantar Interossei
  • Dorsal Interossei
124
Q

Innervation and function of muscles of the foot

A

Dorsal
Deep Fibular nerve
Assists extrinsic muscles

Plantar
Medial or Lateral Plantar Nerve (branches of tibial)
Stabilise arches of foot
Control movements of digits

125
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

Extension- MTPJ+IPJ - lateral 4 toes

Deep Fibular nerve

126
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

Extension- MTPJ- Great toe

Deep Fibular nerve

127
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

Abduction+ flexion- Great tor

Medial Plantar Nerve

128
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

Flexion- PIPJ- lateral 4 digits

Medial Plantar Nerve

129
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Abduction+ Flexion- 5th Digit

Lateral Plantar Nerve

130
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A

Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexion- lateral 4 digits

Lateral Plantar nerve

131
Q

Lumbricals

A

Flexion- MTPJ
Extension- IPJ
Medial 2- Medial plantar nerve
Lateral 3- lateral plantar nerve

132
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

Flexion- MTPJ- great toe

Medial Plantar nerve

133
Q

Adductor Hallucis

A

Adduction- great toe
Assists in forming transverse arch
Deep branch of Lateral plantar nerve

134
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Flexion- MCPJ- 5th digit

Lateral Plantar nerve

135
Q

Plantar Interossei

A

Adduction- digits 2-4
Flexion- MTPJ
Lateral Plantar nerve

136
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

Adduction- digits 2-4
Flexion- MTPJ
Lateral Plantar nerve

137
Q

Bounderies of the Femoral Triangle

A 
Sup- Inguinal Ligament
Lat- Medial border of Satorius
Med.- Medial border of Adductor Longus
Floor- Pectineus, Iliopsoas and adductor longus
Roof- Fascia Lata
138
Q

Contents of the Femoral Triangle

A 
Lat-med
Femoral Nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral Vein 
Femoral Canal- lymph nodes
139
Q

Borders of the Popliteal Fossa

A

Superomedial- Semimembranosus
Superolateral- Biceps Femoris
Inferomedial- Medial head of gastrocnemius
Inferolateral- lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris
Floor- Posterior surface of Femur
Roof- Popliteal fascia+ skin

140
Q

Contents of the Popliteal Fossa

A

Medial to lateral-
Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial nerve

RA (6 decks)

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