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Eleanor Rowe PE > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main job of a ligament?

A

Connect bone to bone

Stabilise a joint

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2
Q

What happens if you overstretch a ligament or it is weak?

A

Get a micro year that leads to sprains or dislocation

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3
Q

What are the main jobs of tendons?

A

Connect muscle to bone

Act like a spring -> useful when jumping

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4
Q

What happens when a tendon is injured?

A

Microtears- normally repair themselves (strengthen tendon)

Tear- too big, too many (can’t repair themselves)

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5
Q

What is a sporting example of using a tendon?

A

Forehand shot in tennis

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6
Q

What is a sporting example of using ligaments?

A

Different stretches in gymnastics

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7
Q

What is a voluntary muscle?

A

Muscles that we can control
Are attached to the skeleton by tendons
Cause movement
Made up of long cylindrical fibres

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8
Q

What is a sporting example of using voluntary muscles?

A

Contracting arm muscles to lift a weight

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9
Q

What is a cardiac muscle?

A

Found in walk of heart
Type of involuntary muscle
Can’t be controlled
Keep heart rate at a steady pace whilst doing sport

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10
Q

What is a sporting example of using cardiac muscle?

A

Sports that require lots of CV Fitness, eg running

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11
Q

What are involuntary muscles

A

Muscles that cannot be controlled by a person
Controlled by the involuntary nervous system
Found in organs such as the digestive system

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12
Q

What is a sporting example of involuntary muscles?

A

Keep blood going around your body so you don’t get cramp whilst exercising

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13
Q

What is the function of the gluteals?

A

Extension at the hip

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14
Q

What is the function of the hip flexors

A

Flexion at the hip

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15
Q

What is the function of quadriceps

A

Extension of the leg at the knee

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16
Q

What is the function of the hamstrings

A

Flexion of the leg at the knee

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17
Q

What is the function of the gastrocnemius

A

Points the toes

Plantar flexion

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18
Q

What is the function of the tibialis anterior

A

Dorsi flexion

Pulls toes up towards shin

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19
Q

What is the function of the trapezius

A

Adducts and extends arm at elbow

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20
Q

What is the function of the pectoralis major

A

Adducts arm at shoulder

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21
Q

What is the function of the latissimus dorsi

A

Arch the back

22
Q

What is the function of the biceps

A

Flexion of the arm at the elbow

23
Q

What is the function of the triceps

A

Extension of the arm at the elbow

24
Q

What is the function of the external obliques

A

Pull chest downwards

Flexion and rotation of the spinal column

25
Q

What is the function of the deltoid

A

Abducts arm at shoulder

26
Q

Sporting example of the gluteals

A

Pulling leg back before kicking ball

27
Q

Sporting example for hip flexors

A

Lifting knee in sprinting/hurdles

28
Q

Sporting eg for quads

A

Kicking a ball

Jumping upwards

29
Q

Sport eg for hamstrings

A

Bending knee before kicking ball

30
Q

Sport eg for gastrocnemius

A

Running

Pointing toes in trampolining

31
Q

Sport eg for tibialis anterior

A

Ski jumping

32
Q

Sport eg for pectorals

A

Forehand drive in tennis

33
Q

Sport eg for latissimus dorsi

A

Butterfly stroke in swimming

34
Q

Sport eg for biceps

A

Pull up

Drawing bow in archery

35
Q

Sport eg for triceps

A

Press up

Throwing javelin

36
Q

Sport eg for external obliques

A

Crunches in gym

37
Q

Sport eg for deltoid

A

Serving in tennis

38
Q

What muscle is paired with bicep

A

Triceps

39
Q

What muscle is paired with quadriceps

A

Hamstring

40
Q

What muscle is paired with gastrocnemius

A

Tibialis anterior

41
Q

What is paired with the gluteals

A

Hip flexors

42
Q

What is the contracting muscle called in a pair?

A

The agonist
Or
The prime mover

43
Q

What is the muscle relaxing in a pair called?

A

The antagonist

44
Q

What are the main characteristics of type 1 muscle fibre

A

Small
Very red
High fatigue resistance

45
Q

What are the main characteristics of type 2a muscle fibres

A

Moderate size

Red

46
Q

What are the characteristics of type 2x muscle fibre

A

Large

White

47
Q

What is the duration and power of type 1 muscle fibre

A

Long time

Low power

48
Q

What is the duration and power of type 2a muscle fibre

A

Medium power

1-2 minutes

49
Q

What is the duration and power of type 2x muscle fibre

A

Short time

Maximum power

50
Q

What sports are type 1 muscles important for

A

Walking
Jogging
Anything long distance and requires stamina

51
Q

What sports are type 2a muscles important for

A

Mike run
Swimming
Track cycling

52
Q

What sports are muscle type 2x important for

A

Sprinting

Lifting weights

Eleanor Rowe PE (5 decks)

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