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Head and Spine > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Occipitofrontalis

A

Location: Anterior and posterior bellies joined by epicranial aponeurosis
NS: CN VII
A: Elevates eyebrows, retracts scalp

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2
Q

Depressor supercilii

A

Location: Superficial eyebrow muscle
NS: CN VII
A: Pulls eyebrow downward

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3
Q

Corrugator supercilii

A

Location: Deep eyebrow muscle
NS: CN VII
A: Pulls eyebrows together

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4
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

Location: Palpebral and orbital parts
NS: CN VII
A: Palpebral part: gently closes eyes
Orbital part: tightly closes eyes

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5
Q

Procerus

A

Location: Most superior nasal muscle
NS: CN VII
A: Pulls eyebrows downward; produces transverse nose wrinkles

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6
Q

Nasalis

A

Location: Transverse and alar parts
NS: CN VII
A: Transverse part: compresses nares
Alar part: opens nares

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7
Q

Depressor septi nasi

A

Location: Beneath nose inbetween alar nasalis
NS: CN VII
A: Pulls nose inferiorly opening nares

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8
Q

Superior mouth muscles

  • Levator labii superioris alaque nasi
  • Levator labii superioris
  • Levator anguli oris
  • Zygomaticus minor
  • Zygomaticus major
A

Location: Medial to lateral superior mouth muscles
NS: CN VII
A: Smiling muscles

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9
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Location: Sphincter of the mouth
NS: CN VII
A: Purses lips; holds lips closed

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10
Q

Risorius

A

Location: Lateral mouth muscles
NS: CN VII
A: Grimacing; pulls corners of mouth laterally

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11
Q

Buccinator

A

Location: Cheek muscle
NS: CN VII
A: Presses cheek against molars; resists distension of cheeks when blowing

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12
Q

Inferior mouth muscles

  • Mentalis
  • Depressor labii inferioris
  • Depressor anguli oris
A

Location: Medial to lateral inferior mouth muscles
NS: CN VII
A: Mouth depressors

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13
Q

Platysma

A

Location: Flat, broad anterior neck muscle
NS: CN VII
A: Depresses mandible; tenses skin on anterior face and neck

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14
Q

Superior rectus (eye)

A

O: Common tendinous ring in the optic canal and medial part of superior orbital fissure
I: Sclera, just posterior to the cornea
NS: CN III
A: Elevates, adducts and medially rotates eye

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15
Q

Inferior rectus (eye)

A

O: Common tendinous ring in the optic canal and medial part of superior orbital fissure
I: Sclera, just posterior to the cornea
NS: CN III
A: Depresses, adducts and laterally rotates eye

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16
Q

Medial rectus (eye)

A

O: Common tendinous ring in the optic canal and medial part of superior orbital fissure
I: Sclera, just posterior to the cornea
NS: CN III
A: Adducts the eye

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17
Q

Lateral rectus (eye)

A

O: Common tendinous ring in the optic canal and medial part of superior orbital fissure
I: Sclera, just posterior to the cornea
NS: CN VI
A: Abducts the eye

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18
Q

Superior oblique (eye)

A

O: Body of sphenoid
I: Sclera, deep to superior rectus
NS: CN IV
A: Abducts, depresses and medially rotates eye

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19
Q

Inferior oblique (eye)

A

O: Anterior floor of orbit
I: Sclera, deep to lateral rectus
NS: CN III
A: Abducts, elevates and laterally rotates eye

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20
Q

Temporalis

A

O: Temporal fossa
I: Coronoid process (mandible)
NS: CN V3
A: Elevates and retracts mandible

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21
Q

Masseter

A

O: Zygomatic arch
I: Ramus of mandible
NS: CN V3
A: Elevates mandible

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22
Q

Medial pterygoid

A

O: Maxilla (sup) and lateral pterygoid plate (deep)
I: Ramus of mandible
NS: CN V3
A: Bilaterally: protraction/retraction
Unilaterally: ipsilateral movement of jaw

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23
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

O: Greater wing (sup) and lateral pterygoid plate (inf.) of sphenoid
I: Neck of mandible (Disc attaches to this)
NS: CN V3
A: Bilaterally: protracts mandible
Unilaterally: ipsilateral movement of jaw

24
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

O: Mastoid process and superior nuchal line
I: Sternal head: manubrium and sternum
Clavicular head: medial third clavicle
NS: CN XI (Accessory nerve); C2-C3 (pain and proprioception)
A: Unilateral: rotates head contralaterally and laterally tilts head
Bilateral: extends OA; flexes Cx; forward head

25
Q

Trapezius

A

O: Superior nuchal line; inion; nuchal ligament; SPs C7-T12
I: Clavicle; acromion; spine of scapula
NS: CN XI (Accessory nerve); C2-C3 (pain and proprioception)
A: Superior: elevate scapulae
Middle: retract scapulae
Inferior: depress scapulae

26
Q

Levator scapulae

A

O: Posterior tubercles of C2-C6 TPs
I: Superior angle of scapula
NS: Dorsal scapula nerve (C5); Cx spinal nerves C3- C4
A: Anterior rotation of scapula; tilts glenoid fossa inferiorly

27
Q

Mylohyoid

A

O: Mylohyoid line of mandible
I: Body of hyoid
NS: Nerve to mylohyoid (from inferior alveolar nerve - from CN V3)
A: Elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking

28
Q

Geniohyoid

A

O: Inferior mental spine of mandible
I: Body of hyoid
NS: C1 via CN XII (Hypoglossal nerve)
A: Pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly; shortens floor of mouth; widens pharynx

29
Q

Stylohyoid

A

O: Styloid process of temporal bone
I: Body of hyoid
NS: Stylohyoid branch of CN VII (Facial nerve)
A: Elevates and retracts hyoid; elongates floor of mouth

30
Q

Digastric

A

O: Anterior: digastric fossa of mandible
Posterior: mastoid process of temporal bone
I: Intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid
NS: Nerve to mylohyoid (anterior); digastric branch of CN VII (Facial nerve) (posterior)
A: Depresses mandible; elevates hyoid during swallowing and speaking

31
Q

Sternohyoid

A

O: Manubrium of sternum; clavicle
I: Body of hyoid
NS: C1-C3 by branch of ansa cervicalis
A: Depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing

32
Q

Omohyoid

A

O: Superior border of scapula (has intermediate tendon)
I: Hyoid
NS: C1-C3 by branch of ansa cervicalis
A: Depresses, retracts and steadies hyoid

33
Q

Sternothyroid

A

O: Manubrium of sternum
I: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
NS: C2-C3 by branch of ansa cervicalis
A: Depresses hyoid and larynx

34
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

O: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
I: Body and greater horn of hyoid
NS: C1 via CN XII (Hypoglossal nerve)
A: Depresses hyoid and elevates larynx

35
Q

Longus colli

A

O: Anterior tubercle C1; C1-C3 bodies; TPs of C3-C6
I: Bodies of C5-T3; TPs of C3-C5
NS: Ventral rami of C2-C6 spinal nerves
A: Flexes neck with rotation to contralateral side (unilaterally)

36
Q

Longus capitis

A

O: Basilar part of occipital bone
I: Anterior tubercles of C3-C6 TPs
NS: Ventral rami of C1-C3 spinal nerves
A: Flexes head

37
Q

Rectus capitis anterior

A

O: Anterior to occipital condyle
I: Lateral mass C1
NS: Branches from C1-C2 loop
A: Flexes head

38
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis

A

O: Jugular process of occipital bone
I: TP C1
NS: Branches from C1-C2 loop
A: Flexes head

39
Q

Anterior scalene

A

O: TPs C3-C6
I: 1st rib
NS: C4-C6 spinal nerves
A: Flexes head

40
Q

Middle scalene

A

O: Posterior tubercles TPs C2- C7
I: 1st rib
NS: Ventral rami of Cx spinal nerves
A: Lateral flexion; elevation of 1st and 2nd ribs respectively

41
Q

Posterior scalene

A

O: Posterior tubercles of C4- C6
I: 2nd rib
NS: Ventral rami of C7-C8 spinal nerves
A: Lateral flexion; elevation of 1st and 2nd ribs respectively

42
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor

A

O: SP C2
I: Inferior nuchal line of occipital bone (medially)
NS: Suboccipital nerve; greater occipital nerve
A: OA extension

43
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major

A

O: Posterior tubercle C1
I: Inferior nuchal line of occipital bone (laterally)
NS: Suboccipital nerve; greater occipital nerve
A: Extension and ipsilateral rotation of head

44
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior

A

O: SP C2
I: TP C1
NS: Suboccipital nerve; upper cervical spinal nerves
A: Ipsilateral rotation of head

45
Q

Obliquus capitis superior

A

O: TP C1
I: Between superior and inferior occipital lines
NS: Suboccipital nerve; upper cervical spinal nerves
A: Postural muscle

46
Q

Splenius capitis

A

O: Ligamentum nuchae; SPs C7- T4
I: Mastoid process; superior nuchal line
NS: C4-C6 spinal nerves
A: Ipsilateral rotation of head; extension and lateral flexion

47
Q

Splenius cervicis

A

O: Ligamentum nuchae; SPs T3- T6
I: Posterior tubercles of C1- C3 TPs
NS: C6-C8 spinal nerves
A: Ipsilateral rotation of head; extension and lateral flexion

48
Q

Spinalis

A

O: Iliac crest; sacrum; SIJ ligaments; supraspinous ligament
I: Thoracis, cervicis, capitis; SPs in upper Tx, Cx and cranium
NS: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
A: Bilaterally: extends Vx column; eccentrically controls movement during back flexion
Unilaterally: lateral flexion of Vx column

49
Q

Longissimus

A

O: Iliac crest; sacrum; SIJ ligaments; supraspinous ligament
I: Thoracis, cervicis, capitis; ribs between tubercles and angles; TPs in Tx, Cx; mastoid process
NS: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
A: Bilaterally: extends Vx column; eccentrically controls movement during back flexion
Unilaterally: lateral flexion of Vx column

50
Q

Iliocostalis

A

O: Iliac crest; sacrum; SIJ ligaments; supraspinous ligament
I: Lumborium, thoracis, cervicis; angles of lower ribs; Cx TPs
NS: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
A: Bilaterally: extends Vx column; eccentrically controls movement during back flexion
Unilaterally: lateral flexion of Vx column

51
Q

Semispinalis

A

O: TPs C4-T12
I: Thoracis, cervicis, capitis; occipital bone; SPs, 4-6 segments above origin
NS: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
A: Extension; contralateral rotation

52
Q

Multifidus

A

O: Iliac crest; sacrum; aponeurosis of erector spinae; SIJ ligaments; mammillary processes; TPs T1-T3; APs C4- C7
I: SPs 2-4 segments above origin
NS: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
A: Extension; stabilises vertebrae

53
Q

Rotatores

A

O: Tx TPs
I: Lamina 2 segments (longus) or 1 segment (brevis) above
NS: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
A: Extension; stabilises vertebrae; local extension and rotation

54
Q

Interspinalis

A

O&I: Between SPs
NS: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
A: Extension

55
Q

Intertransversarii

A

O&I: Between TPs
NS: Ventral and dorsal rami of spinal nerves
A: Lateral flexion; stabilisation

56
Q

Levator costarium

A

O: Tips of TPs C7- T11
I: 2 ribs below in- between tubercle and angle
NS: Dorsal rami of C8-T11
A: Elevate ribs; lateral flexion

Head and Spine (10 decks)

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