Common Conditions (Eye)

Question 1

Eyestrain aetiology

Answer 1

• Looking at digital device screens
• Activities involving extended focus
• Prolonged exposure to bright light or glare
• Working under dim lighting
• Having an underlying eye problem
• Exposure to dry moving air
• Stress or fatigue

Question 2

Eyestrain SSx

Answer 2

• Headache
• Tightness in the temporal or occipital regions
• Sore neck, shoulders or back
• Sore, tired eyes
• Watery, dry burning or itchy eyes
• Blurred or double vision
• Photophobia
• Difficulty concentrating

Question 3

Acute viral conjunctivitis SSx

Answer 3

• Red eyes
• Watery discharge
• Burning irritation
• Conjunctival redness & oedema
• Inferior fornix follicles
• Lid swelling
• Palpable pre-auricular and submandibular lymph nodes

Question 4

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis aetiology

Answer 4

• Contact with someone who has conjunctivitis
• Wearing infected contact lenses
• Touching eyes with unwashed hands
• Using contaminated make-up and facial lotions

Question 5

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis SSx

Answer 5

• Redness
• Tearing
• Irritation
• Absent/minimal pain
• Diffuse redness of the conjunctival vessels
• Chemosis (thickened, boggy conjunctiva)
• Discharge (copious, thick and purulent)
• Debris in the inferior fornix
• Pre-auricular lymphadenopathy
• Small reduction in visual activity

Question 6

Allergic conjunctivitis SSx

Answer 6

• Itching
• Watery or mucous discharge
• Seasonal recurrences
• Tearing and nasal discharge
• Typically have a history of allergies or atopy
• Bilateral red and oedematous eyelids
• Moderate conjunctival infection
• Conjunctival oedema (chemosis)
• Tarsal conjunctival papillae
• Vision is unaffected
• Lymphadenopathy is absent

Question 7

Hordeolum (stye) SSx

Answer 7

• Tearing
• Photophobia
• Foreign body sensation
• Blurring of vision
• Tender nodule
• Small yellowish pustule at the base of an eyelash
• Surrounded by hyperaemia, induration, and diffuse oedema

Question 8

Chalazion SSx

Answer 8

• Sudden onset
• Mildly tender/non-tender
• Localised diffuse swelling of the eyelid
• Cornea indent

Question 9

Cataract definition

Answer 9

A degenerative vision-impairing opacity of the lens. Characterised by a progressive thickening of the lens

Question 10

Cataract aetiology

Answer 10

• Age
• Pathogenesis
• Smoking
• Alcohol use
• Exposure to x-rays
• Uveitis
• Systemic drugs (corticosteroids)
• Malnutrition
• Systemic disease

Question 11

Cataract SSx

Answer 11

• Decreased visual acuity
• Loss of contrast
• Difficulty distinguishing from dark blue and black
• Night vision disturbance
• Needing more light to see well
• Lens opacity
• Red reflex

Question 12

Acute angle-closure glaucoma aetiology

Answer 12

• Factors that either pull or push the iris up into the ‘angle’
• Growth of the lens with age

Question 13

Acute angle-closure glaucoma SSx

Answer 13

• Severe eye pain
• Red eye
• Decreased vision
• Coloured halos around lights
• Headache, nausea and
  vomiting
• Unilateral conjunctival
  hyperaemia
• Hazy cornea
• Fixed mid-dilated pupil
• Anterior chamber inflammation
• Reduced vision
• Raised intraocular pressure