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Med Careers > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

True or False:

Muscles don’t have to cross a joint.

A

False - Muscles must cross at least one joint

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2
Q

What’s another name for muscle fibers?

A

Striations

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3
Q

Where do striations always point?

A

To their attachment

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4
Q

A muscle that moves ventral to ventral - decreasing the angle

A

Flexor

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5
Q

A muscle that moves dorsal to dorsal - increasing the angle

A

Extensor

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6
Q

Smallest Component of Muscle Tissue

A

Filament

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7
Q

Filaments clustered together

A

Myofibrils

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8
Q

Myofibrils clustered together

A

Muscle Fibers

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9
Q

A cluster of muscle fibers

A

Fascicle

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10
Q

Fascicles clustered together

A

Muscle

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11
Q

How many attachments do muscles have to have?

A

At least 2

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12
Q

Epimysium

A

layer of connective tissue around whole tissue

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13
Q

Perimysium

A

surrounds individual fascicles w/ in each muscle

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14
Q

Endomysium

A

covering each muscle fiber

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15
Q

Sarcomere

A

the “functional unit” of the muscle cell/fiber where contraction occurs

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16
Q

Name the #1 part of the Sarcomere

A

Z lines (thin actin filaments are anchored here)

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17
Q

Name the #2 part of the Sarcomere

A

A band (thick myosin filaments)

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18
Q

Name the #3 part of the Sarcomere

A

I band (thin actin filaments)

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19
Q

Name the #4 part of the Sarcomere

A

H zone (space between actin filaments)

20
Q

How long is a sarcomere?

A

Z line to Z line

21
Q

What filament has a long tail, double heads, and a cross bridge?

A

Myosin

22
Q

What is the purpose of the cross bridge?

A

Grabs the actin and pulls

23
Q

What filament is just a strand of beads?

A

Actin

24
Q

What is the name for the beads of actin?

A

G-actin (G=globular)

25
Q

What is the name of the strands of actin?

A

F-actin (F=fibrous)

26
Q

How are the F-actin strands organized?

A

Twisted around each other like a double helix

27
Q

What protein runs along the actin to give it strength?

A

Tropomyosin

28
Q

What protein blocks binding sites where cross bridges can grab actin?

A

Tropomyosin

29
Q

What element binds to the troponin complex to move Tropomyosin?

A

Calcium

30
Q

What is the sarcomplasmic reticulum’s job?

A

to pump and transport calcium in and out of the cell

31
Q

How many sodium ions are pumped out of the cell for how many potassium ions?

A

3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in

32
Q

What are the 3 parts of the muscle twitch?

A
  1. Latent Period 2. Period of Contraction 3. Period of Relaxation
33
Q

What happens in the latent period?

A

Motor neuron stimulates SR - SR releases Ca+ - Ca+ binds to troponin complex - Opening binding sites

34
Q

What happens during the contraction period?

A

cross bridges attach and power stroke follows

35
Q

What happens during the relaxation period?

A

Stimulus ends- Ca+ is pumped back into the SR - binding sites close

36
Q

What causes cramps or tetanus?

A

when ATP runs out leaving myosin left in powerstroke

37
Q

What causes more powerful contractions?

A

When repetitive contractions occur leaving Ca+ in the matrix

38
Q

What is a treppe?

A

A graph showing repetitive contractions that get stronger and stronger until they cause cramps - displayed in a stair shape

39
Q

What is isometric exercise?

A

muscle is contracting but can not move the load - good for rehabilitation

40
Q

What is isotonic exercise?

A

muscle contracts and can move the load - most common exercise

41
Q

What is concentric exercise?

A

muscle is shortened

42
Q

What is eccentric exercise?

A

when the muscle is lengthened in a controlled manner

43
Q

Summary of Contraction

A
  1. Motor neuron stimulates SR to release Ca+
  2. Ca + binds to TnC to open binding sites
  3. Cross bridge attachment
  4. Power Stroke
  5. Cocking (as long as ATP is available)
  6. Neural stimulus ends - Ca+ is pumped out - binding sites close - relaxation
44
Q

What causes lactic acid build up?

A

When oxygen is low in the muscle

45
Q

What can cause muscle cramping?

A

Dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, lack of ATP

Med Careers (8 decks)

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