Muscles Flashcards
what muscles connect the trunk to the scapula?
trapezius pectoralis minor levator scapulae rhomboids serratus anterior
trapezius- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- scapular spine, clavicle, acromion function- adduct, medially rotate superior- elevate shoulder inferior- lower shoulder innervation- accessory nerve
pectoralis minor- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- ribs 3-5 to coracoid process
function- moves scapula forward and down
innervation- medial pectoral nerve
levator scapulae- attachment, function, innervation, blood
attachment- superior angle to spine of scapula
function- elevate scapula
innervation- dorsal scapular nerve
blood- transverse cervical artery from the thyrocervical trunk
rhomboids- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- medial scapula boarder, below spine
function- retract and elevate scapula
innervation- dorsal scapular nerve
serratus anterior- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- upper 8 ribs to medial scapula boarder, superior to inferior angle
function- rotate scapula for abduction, move scapula forward, hold it to rib
innervation- long thoracic nerve
winged scapula
damage to long thoracic nerve- serratus anterior isn’t holding scapula against ribs
muscles connecting scapula to humerus?
deltoid supraspinatus subscapularis infraspinatus teres minor trees major coracoidbrachialis
deltoid- attachment, function, innervation, blood
attachment- spine of scapula to deltoid tuberosity
function- finish arm abduction
innervation- axillary nerve
blood- thoracoacromial artery, anteiror/posterior circumflex humoral arteries
supraspinatus- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- above scapular spine to humerus
function- initiate arm abduction
innervation- suprascapular nerve
infraspinatus- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- below scapular spine to humerus
function- lateral rotate and adduct arm
innervation- suprascapular nerve
teres minor- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- lateral boarder of scapula to humerus
function- lateral rotate and adduct arm
innervation- axillary nerve
teres major- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- inferior angle of scapula to humerus
function- extend, medial rotate and adduct arm
innervation- lower sub scapular nerve
coracoidbrachialis- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- coracoid process to mid humerus
function- flex and adduct arm
innervation- musculocutaneous nerve
blood- brachial artery
what muscles are involved in arm abduction?
supraspinatus and deltoid
what muscles are involved in arm adduction?
subscapularis infraspinatus teres minor teres major coracoidbrachialis
what muscles are involved in arm rotation?
subscapularis infraspinatus teres minor teres major pectoralis major latissimus dorsi
muscles from humerus to trunk
pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
pectoralis major- attachment, function, innervation, blood
attachment- sternum, clavicle–> humerus
function- adduct and medial rotate arm
innervation- medial and lateral pectoral nerves
blood- thoracoacromial artery and lateral thoracic artery
latissimus dorsi- attachment, function, innervation, blood
attachment- spine to humerus
function- extend, adduct and medial rotate arm
innervation- thoracodorsal nerve
blood- thoracodorsal artery from the sub scapular artery from axillary artery
elbow flexors
biceps brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis
main elbow flexor
brachialis
biceps brachii- attachment, function, innervation, blood
attachment- scapula to radial tuberosity
function- elbow flexion, forearm supination
innervation- musculocutaneous
blood- brachial artery
brachialis- attachment, function, innervation, blood
attachment- mid humerus to coronoid process of ulna
function- elbow flexor
innervation- musculocutaneous
blood- brachial artery
brachioradialis- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- humerus to distal radius
function- elbow flexion
innervation- radial nerve
elbow extenders
triceps brachii
anconeus
triceps brachii- attachment, function, innervation, blood
attachment- scapula/humerus- olecranon process of ulna
function- elbow extender
innervation- radial nerve
blood- deep brachial artery
anconeus- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- lateral humerus epicondyle to olecranon process of ulna
function- elbow extender
innervation- radial nerve
where do forearm flexors originate?
medial epicondyle of humerus
where do forearm extensors originate?
lateral epicondyle
wrist/finger flexors in forearm
flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor digitorum superficialis flexor carpi ulnaris flexor pollicis longus flexor digitorum profundus
flexor carpi radialis- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- medial epicondyle to metacarpal base
function- flex and abduct wrist
innervation- median nerve
palmaris longus- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- medial epicondyle to palmar aponeurosis
function- flex wrist
innervation- median nerve
flexor digitorum superficialis- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- medial epicondyle to middle phalanx 2-5
function- flex wrist and fingers at middle phalanx
innervation- median nerve
flexor carpi ulnaris- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- medial epicondyle to carpals/metacarpal under pinky
function- flex and adduct wrist
innervation- ulnar nerve
flexor pollicis longus- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- proximal radius to distal thumb phalanx
function- flex thumb
innervation- median nerve
flexor digitorum profundus- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- proximal ulna to distal phalanx 2-5
function- flex wrist and fingers at distal phalanx
innervation- medial- ulnar, lateral- median nerve
wrist/finger extensors in forearm
extensor carpi ulnaris extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor indicis extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis abductor pollicis longus
extensor carpi ulnaris- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- lateral epicondyle of humerus to base of metacarpal 5
function- extend and adduct wrist
innervation- radial nerve
extensor digitorum- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- lateral epicondyle of humerus to digits
function- extend wrist and digits 2-5
innervation- radial nerve
extensor digiti minimi- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- lateral epicondyle of humerus to digit 5
function- extend pinky
innervation- radial nerve
extensor carpi radialis brevis- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- lateral epicondyle to metacarpal 3
function- extend and abduct wrist
innervation- radial nerve
extensor carpi radialis longus- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- humerus to metacarpal 3
function- extend and abduct wrist
innervation- radial nerve
extensor indicis- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- ulna to digit 2
function- extend digit 2
innervation- radial nerve
extensor pollicis longus- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- ulna to base of distal phalanx 1
function- extend thumb
innervation- radial nerve
extensor pollicis brevis- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- radius to base of distal phalanx 1
function- extend thumb
innervation- radial nerve
abductor pollicis longus- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- ulna and radius to metacarpal 1 base
function abduct wrist and thumb
innervation- radial nerve
anatomical snuff box boarders
extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
pronator teres- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulna to middle radius
function- pronate forearm
innervation- median nerve
pronator quadratus- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- distal ulna to distal radius
function- pronate forearm
innervation- median nerve
supinator- attachment, function, innervation
attachment- lateral epicondyle of humerus to proximal radius
function- supinate forearm
innervation- radial nerve
subscapularis- attachment, function, innervation, blood
attachment- anterior scapula to humerus
function- rotate and adduct arm
innervation- upper and lower sub scapular nerve
blood- sub scapular artery from axillary artery
all for one and one for all
order of intrinsic hand muscles abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis adductor pollicis opponens digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi opponens digiti minimi
PAD and location
palmar interosseous muscles ADduct
on middle finger side
DAB and location
doral interosseous muscles ABduct
on sides away from middle fingers and on both sides of middle finger
lumbericals
on thumb side of fingers
Hip abductors
obturator internus gemellus inferior gemellus superior gluteus minimus gluteus medius tensor fascia latae piriformis
hip adductors
gluteus maximus obturator externus quadratus femoris pectineus adductor brevis, longus, magnus gracilis
hip flexors
psoas major
iliacus
sartorius
rectus femoris
hip extensors
gluteus maximus
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
knee flexors
gracilis sartorius biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus
knee extensors
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis
rectus femoris
where do adductor thigh muscles originate from?
obturator foramen
order of the adductors
pectineus adductor brevis adductor longus adductor magnus gracilis
order medial to lateral of anterior thigh
sartorius vastus medialis vastus intermedius rectus femoris vastus lateralis
which thigh muscles span 2 joints? what do they do?
sartorius- flex thigh and flex knee
rectus femoris- flex thigh and extend knee
order of hamstring muscles- medial to lateral
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris
how many joints do the hamstrings span?
2
plantar flexion muscles
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
plantar flexion and inversion
tibialis posterior
dorsiflexion and inversion
tibialis anteiror
plantar flexion and eversion
fibularis longus and brevis
dorsiflexion and eversion
fibularis tertius
what malleolus do the tibialis muscles pass?
medial
what malleolus do the fibular muscles pass?
lateral
scapular anastamoses
subscapular artery with the transverse cervical and supra scapular arteries
what nerve travels with the brachial artery?
median nerve
what nerve travels with the profunda brachia artery?
radial nerve
what nerve travels with the superior ulnar collateral artery?
ulnar nerve
branches off brachial artery
profunda brachii- behind the humerus–splits into medial and radial collateral arteries with join with the radial artery past elbow
brachial splits into radial and ulnar but gives off 2 ulnar collatorals first- superior and inferior
ulnar splits into the common interosseous
common interosseous splits into anterior and posterior
what supplies the superficial palmar arch?
ulnar artery
what supplies the deep palmar arch?
radial artery
what supplies the palmar carpal arch?
anterior interosseous
waiter’s tip
brachial plexus upper trunk injury
sudden increase in angle between head and neck
stab
clawhand
brachial plexus lower trunk injury
pulling on the arm to stop a fall
wrist drop
loss of radial nerve- can’t extend wrist, fingers, or elbow
winged scapula
long thoracic nerve injury
injury close to vertebral column or along thorax (stab, radical mastectomy)
nerve injured with shoulder dislocations or humural neck fractures
axillary- can’t abduct shoulder
saturday night palsy- wrist drop
radial nerve compression- fall asleep with arm outstretched
loss of elbow and wrist extension
humerus fractures
radial nerve injury
loss of elbow and wrist extension
million dollar nerve
median nerve- lose innervation to thenar muscles
elbow fractures
ulnar nerve
loss of wrist flexion
what does the triceps reflex test?
radial nerve
musculocutaneous nerve injury deficit
elbo flexion, forearm supination
what does the biceps reflex test?
musculocutaneous nerve
femoral nerve injury deficit
knee extension
hip flexion
knee jerk
obturator nerve injury deficit
hip adduction
sciatic nerve injury deficit
knee flexion + branch functions
tibial division of sciatic nerve injury deficit
foot inversion, ankle plantar flexion, ankle jerk
common fibular division of sciatic nerve injury deficit
foot eversion, dorsiflexion
foot drop presentation
common fibular nerve injury
obturator nerve innervates
adductors
femoral nerve innervates
iliopsoas and anterior thigh
sciatic nerve innervates
hamstrings plus everything distally via the divisions
common fibular nerve innervates
anterior leg and foot and sensory there
fibular nerve injury deficits
loss of eversion (foot drop) and maybe dorsiflexion
tibial nerve innervates
posterior leg