Muscles Flashcards by Shay McIntyre

Pectoralis major

O: anterior medial shaft of clavicle, anterior surface of sternum
I: lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
N: Medial and lateral pectoral
A: adduct, medially rotate (extend arm from flexed position)

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Pectoralis minor

O: 3rd-5th ribs
I: inferior center of the clavicle
N: medial pectoral
A: stabilize scapula, elevate ribs (respiration)

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Subclavius

O: junction of first rib and manubrium
I: inferior center of the clavicle
N: N to the subclavius
A: anchors and depresses the clavicle

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Serratus anterior

O: lateral parts of ribs 1-8
I: medial anterior border of scapula
N: long thoracic n
A: protracts, rotates, stabilizes the scapula on the thorax

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Deltoid

O: lateral 3rd of clavicle, acromion, scapular spine
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
N: axillary n
A: anterior flexes and medially rotates, middle abducts, posterior extends and laterally rotates

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Supraspinatus

Rotator cuff
O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: superior aspect of greater tubercle of humerus
N: suprascapular n
A: initiations abduction, stabilize joint

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Infraspinatus

Rotator cuff
O: infraspinatus fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of the humerus
N: suprascapular n
A: lateral rotation, stabilization

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Teres minor

Rotator cuff
O: lateral border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
N: axillary n
A: lateral rotation, stabilization

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Subscapularis

Rotator cuff
O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
N: upper and lower subscapular n
A: medial rotation, stabilization

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Teres major

O: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
N: lower subscapular n
A: adduction and medial rotation

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Trapezius

O: occipital bone, spinous process C1-T12
I: lateral clavicle, acromion, superior border of scapula
N: Accessory
A: elevate, rotate, retract, depress scapula

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Levator scapulae

O: transverse process C1-C4
I: superior angle of scapula
N: dorsal scapular
A: elevate scapula

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Rhomboid major/minor

O: spinous process C6-C7/T1-T4
I: medial border of scapula
N: dorsal scapular
A: retract and elevate scapula

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Latissimus dorsi

O: spinous process T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
I: intertubercular groove of humerus
N: thoracodorsal
A: adduct, extend, medially rotate

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Biceps brachii

O: supraglenoud tubercle of scapula, tip of coracoid process
I: radial tuberosity
N: musculocutaneous
A: supinate and flex forearm, assist in shoulder flexion, resist dislocation

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Brachialis

O: distal half of anterior humerus
I: coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
N: musculocutaneous (partially from radial)
A: flex elbow

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Coracobrachialis

O: tip of coracoid process of scapula
I: middle 1/3 of medial surface of humerus
N: musculocutaneous
A: flexion, adduction, resists glenohumeral dislocation

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Pronator teres

O: medial epicondyle of humerus, proximal ulna
I: lateral midshaft of radius
N: median
A: pronation

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Palmaris longus

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: palmar aponeurosis
N: median
A: wrist flexion, tense palmar eponeurosis

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Flexor carpi radialis

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: palmar base of 2nd metacarpal
N: median
A: flex and abduct wrist

Flexor carpi ulnaris

O: medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon process
I: hook of hamate, pisoform, palmar base of 5th metacarpal
N: ulnar
A: flex and adduct wrist

Flexor digitorum superficialis

O: medial epicondyle of humerus, proximal radius
I: base of intermediate phalanges of 2-5
N: median
A: flex proximal interphalangeal joint, metacarpophalangeal joint, wrist

Flexor digitorum profundus

O: ulnar shaft, interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of 2-5
N: anterior interosseous (lateral, 2-3), ulnar (medial, 4-5)
A: flex distal interphalangeal joint, PIP, MCP, wrist

Flexor pollicis longus

O: radial shaft, interosseous membrane
I: base of 1st distal phalanx
N: anterior interosseous
A: flex 1st carpometacarpal, MCP, PIP, wrist joints

Pronator quadratus

O: medial aspect of distal ulna I: lateral aspect of distal radius N: anterior interosseous A: pronation

Triceps brachii

O: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, posterior surface of humerus superior and inferior to humeral groove I: proximal end of olecranon process N: radial A: extension of arm, resists dislocation of arm, extension of forearm

Anconeus

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: lateral surface of olecranon and proximal posterior surface of ulna N: radial A: assist in forearm extension, stabilize elbow

Brachioradialis

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus I: styloid process of radius N: radial A: flexion of forearm

Extensor carpi radialis longus

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus I: dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal N: radial A: extend and abduct wrist

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: dorsal base of 3rd metacarpal N: deep branch of radial A: extend and abduct wrist

Extensor carpi ulnaris

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: dorsal base of 5th metacarpal N: deep branch of radial A: extend wrist and adduct

Extensor digitorum

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: extensor expansion of digits 2-5 N: deep branch of radial A: extend digits 2-5 at all joints, extend wrist

Extensor digiti minimi

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: extensor expansion of digit 5 N: deep branch of radial A: extend digit 5 at all joints, extend and adduct wrist

Supinator

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior olecranon process I: proximo-lateral radius N: deep branch of radial A: supination

Abductor pollicis longus

O: posterior ulna, radius, interosseous membrane I: base of 1st metacarpal N: posterior interosseous (from deep branch of radial) A: abduct thumb

Extensor pollicis longus

O: posterior ulna, interosseous membrane I: base of distal phalanx of pollex N: posterior interosseous A: extend pollex at all joints

Extensor pollicis brevis

O: posterior radius, interosseous membrane I: base of proximal phalanx of pollex N: posterior interosseous A: extend pollex at MCP joint

Extensor indicis

O: posterior ulna, interosseous membrane I: extensor expansion of 2nd digit N: posterior interosseous A: extend 2nd digit at all joints, extend wrist

Abductor pollicis brevis

(thenar) N: recurrent branch of median A: abduct the thumb

Flexor pollicis brevis

(thenar) N: recurrent branch of median (deep head is by deep branch of ulnar) A: flex the thumb

Opponens pollicis

(thenar) N: recurrent branch of median A: oppose the thumb

Abductor digiti minimi

(hypothenar) N: deep branch of ulnar A: abduct the pinky

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

(hypothenar) N: deep branch of ulnar A: flex the pinky

Opponens digiti minimi

(hypothenar) N: deep branch of ulnar A: oppose the pinky

Lumbricals

N: medial 2 by deep branch of ulnar, lateral 2 by median A: flex MCP joints, extend IP joints

Dorsal interossei

N: deep branch of ulnar A: abduct

Palmar interossei

N: deep branch of ulnar A: adduct

Adductor pollicis

(not thenar) N: deep branch of ulnar A: adduct the thumb

Which muscles have dual innervation?

Flexor digitorum profundus | Lumbricals