Arm

Question 1

Muscle Action Analysis

Answer 1

Systematic approach to understanding biomechanics of muscle action on joints

Question 2

Rotator cuff

Answer 2

Subscapularis, teres minor, infraspinatus, supraspinatus

Question 3

Triangular space

Answer 3

Lateral border: long head of triceps
Superior border: teres minor
Inferior border: teres major
Contents: circumflex scapular a

Question 4

Quadrangular space

Answer 4

Lateral border: humerus
Medial border: long head of triceps
Superior border: teres minor
Inferior border: teres major
Contents: axillary n and posterior humeral circumflex a

Question 5

Scapular rotation

Answer 5

1. Supraspinatus starts the process
2. Deltoid goes to 90 (greater tubercle hits acromion)
3. Scapula rotates (serratus anterior pulls medially, trapezius pulls scapular spine)

Question 6

Anatomical snuff box

Answer 6

Boundaries: abductor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus tendons

Question 7

Triangular interval

Answer 7

Lateral border: lateral head of triceps
Medial border: long head of triceps
Superior border: teres major
Contents: radial nerve and profunda brachii

Question 8

Palmar branch of median n

Answer 8

sensory innervation for lateral palm

Not usually affected in carpal tunnel (goes over tunnel)

Question 9

Ulnar canal

Answer 9

passage between pisiform and hook of hamate

Contents: deep and superficial branches of ulnar n

Question 10

LOAF muscles

Answer 10

Lateral 2 lumbricals, opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis previs
Innervated by Median N

Question 11

Carpal tunnel

Answer 11

Contents: Median N, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis (4 tendons), flexor digitorum profundus (4 tendons)

Question 12

Subclavian A

Answer 12

Becomes Axillary at the clavicle, Brachial at teres major, Radial and Ulnar after cubital fossa

Question 13

Axillary branches

Answer 13

1st part: superior thoracic
2nd part: thoracoacromial trunk, lateral thoracic
3rd part: anterior/posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular

Question 14

Branches of throacoacromial trunk

Answer 14

clavicular, acromial, deltoid, pectoral

Question 15

Branches of subscapular a

Answer 15

circumflex scapular, thoracodorsal

Question 16

Branches of brachial a

Answer 16

Profunda brachii

Radial collateral a, superior/inferior ulnar collateral, radial recurrent, posterior/anterior ulnar recurrent

Question 17

Cubital fossa

Answer 17

Lateral border: brachioradialis
Medial border: pronator teres
Superior border: line connecting medial and lateral epicondyles
Contents: superficial veins, brachial a, ulnar a, radial a, median and radial n, biceps brachii tendon

Question 18

Superficial veins

Answer 18

cephalic, basilic, median cubital

Question 19

Bicipital aponeurosis

Answer 19

helps distribute forces to aid in movement

covers and protects deep structures

Question 20

Superficial palmar arch

Answer 20

primarily supplied by ulnar a

Question 21

Deep palmar arch

Answer 21

primarily supplied by radial a

Question 22

Dorsal arteries

Answer 22

Radial a > dorsal carpal a > dorsal carpal network > dorsal metacarpal a > branches to deep palmar arch

Question 23

Allen’s test

Answer 23

test for collateral circulation between ulnar and radial arteries
Cut off blood supply to the hand, release pressure from either radial or ulnar artery, only half of hand will turn red

Question 24

Venous drainage

Answer 24

Highly variable
Superficial: cephalic, basilic, median cubital
Deep: paired, accompany arteries and take their names

Question 25

Lymph

Answer 25

Axillary nodes drain all of upper limb

Cubitals and axillaries all drain into apical nodes