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Anatomy - Upper Limb > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the motor innervation of trapezius?

A

spinal accessory nerve

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2
Q

What is the sensory innervation of trapezius?

A

C3 and C4 spinal roots

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3
Q

What is the lateral attachment of the trapezius?

A

lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula

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4
Q

What is the medial attachment of the trapezius?

A

medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 - T12 vertebrae

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5
Q

What is the main action of the upper fibres of trapezius?

A

elevate the scapula and rotate it during abduction of the arm

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6
Q

What is the main action of the middle fibres of the trapezius?

A

retract the scapula

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7
Q

What is the main action of the lower fibres of the trapezius?

A

pull the scapular inferiorly

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8
Q

What are the main actions of latissimus dorsi?

A

extends, abducts and medially rotates humerus; raises body toward arms during climbing

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9
Q

What is the innervation of latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve

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10
Q

What muscles form the rotator cuff?

A

supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor and subscapularis

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the deltoid?

A

axillary nerve

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12
Q

What is the innervation of serratus anterior?

A

long thoracic nerve

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13
Q

What is the innervation of supraspinatus?

A

suprascapular nerve

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14
Q

What is the innervation of infraspinatus?

A

suprascapular nerve

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15
Q

What is the proximal attachment of supraspinatus?

A

supraspinous fossa of scapula

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16
Q

What is the proximal attachment of infraspinatus?

A

infraspinous fossa of scapula

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17
Q

What is the innervation of teres minor?

A

axillary nerve

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18
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the deltoid?

A

lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

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19
Q

What is the distal attachment of the deltoid?

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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20
Q

What is the proximal attachment of subscapularis?

A

subscapular fossa

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21
Q

What is the innervation of subscapularis?

A

upper and lower subscapular nerves

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22
Q

What are the actions of subscapularis?

A

responsible for the first 15 degrees of abduction, assists deltoid for the rest, acts with other rotator cuff muscles

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23
Q

What is the distal attachment of infraspinatus?

A

middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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24
Q

What is the distal attachment of supraspinatus?

A

superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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25
Q

Name the 6 scapulohumeral muscles

A

deltoid, teres major, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor

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26
Q

What are the three flexors in the arm?

A

biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

27
Q

What is the extensor in the arm?

A

triceps brachii

28
Q

What nerve supplies the the flexor arm muscles?

A

musculocutaneous

29
Q

What nerve supplies the extensor arm muscle?

A

radial nerve

30
Q

What is the main action of biceps brachii?

A

supinates forearm and, when it is supinated, flexes forearm; flexes arm

31
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the short head of biceps brachii?

A

tip of coracoid process

32
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the long head of biceps brachii?

A

supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

33
Q

What is the distal attachment of the biceps brachii?

A

tuberosity of the radius

34
Q

Where are the flexors and protonators of the forearm located?

A

anterior compartment

35
Q

Where are the extensors and supinators of the forearm located?

A

posterior compartment

36
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

37
Q

What muscle is the exception to the rule that all flexors lie in the anterior compartment and that the radial nerve supplies only extensor muscles?

A

brachioradialis

38
Q

How can palmaris longus be identified?

A

long, thin tendon (absent in about 15% of the population)

39
Q

What is the muscle of the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

40
Q

What is the innervation of pronator teres?

A

median nerve

41
Q

What is the innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

ulnar nerve

42
Q

What is the innervation of flexor carpi radialis?

A

median nerve

43
Q

What is the innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

median nerve

44
Q

What muscles are located in the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicus longus, pronator quadratus

45
Q

What is the innervation of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

medial aspect supplied by the ulnar nerve (4th to 5th digit)

lateral aspect supplied by median nerve (2nd and 3rd digit)

46
Q

What is the main action of pronator teres?

A
47
Q

What is the main action of flexor carpi radialis?

A

flexes and abducts hand at wrist

48
Q

What is the main action of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

flexes and abducts hand at wrist

49
Q

What is the main action of palmaris longus?

A

flexes hand at wrist

50
Q

What is the main action of flexor pollicis longus?

A

flexes thumb

51
Q

What nerve are the extensor muscles of the forearm innervated by?

A

radial nerve

52
Q

How many muscles are in the superficial layer of the posterior forearm?

A

6

53
Q

Why is brachioradialis different from the other extensor muscles?

A

it is a flexor at the elbow, but has the same origin and innervation as the other extensor muscles in the posterior compartment

54
Q

What is the proximal attachment of brachioradialis?

A

lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus

55
Q

What is the distal attachment of brachioradialis?

A

lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process

56
Q

What are the actions of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?

A

extend and abduct hand at the wrist joint

57
Q

What is the main action of extensor digitorum?

A

extends medial four fingers

58
Q

What is the main action of extensor digiti minimi?

A

extends fifth finger

59
Q

What is the main action of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

extends and adducts hand at the wrist joint

60
Q

What is the main action of the supinator muscle?

A

supinates forearm, rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly

61
Q

Name the muscles that extend and abduct or adduct the hand at the wrist joint

A

extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris

(carpi = wrist)

62
Q

Name the muscles that extend the medial four digits

A

extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi

63
Q

Name the muscles that extend or abduct the thumb

A

abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus

Anatomy - Upper Limb (9 decks)

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