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Anatomy - Upper Limb > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones that make up the upper limb?

A

Scapula, Clavicle, Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpus, Metacarpals, Phalanges

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2
Q

What type of bone is the scapula?

A

flat

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3
Q

What muscle attaches to the supraspinous fossa?

A

supraspinatus

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4
Q

What three bone markings appear on the convex posterior surface of the scapula?

A

spine of the Scapula, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa

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5
Q

What bone marking appears on the concave costal surface of the scapula?

A

subscapula fossa

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6
Q

What bone markings are located on the lateral surface of the scapula?

A

glenoid cavity, infraglenoid tubercle, supraglenoid tubercle

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7
Q

What bone marking is located at the lateral end of the spine of the scapula?

A

acromion

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8
Q

What bone making of the scapula articulates with the head of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint?

A

glenoid fossa

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9
Q

What is the longest bone in the forearm?

A

the ulna

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10
Q

What bone marking is superior to the glenoid cavity?

A

the coracoid process

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11
Q

Are fractures of the scapula common?

A

No, a fracture would indicate severe chest trauma possibly caused by a pedestrian - vehicle collision

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12
Q

What is the treatment for a fracture of the scapula?

A

No treatment, tone of surrounding muscles holds the scapula in place

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13
Q

What is ‘winging of the scapula’?

A

nerve damage to serratus anterior, which causes the scapula to protrude from the back when pushing with the arm

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14
Q

What does the sternal end of the clavicle articulate with?

A

the manubrium of the sternum

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15
Q

What does the acromial end of the clavicle articulate with?

A

the acromion of the scapula

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16
Q

How is the clavicle commonly fractured?

A

falling on an outstretched hand, which transmits an indirect force to the clavicle

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17
Q

What are the two prominent projections of the proximal end of the ulna?

A

the olecranon posteriorly and the coronoid process anteriorly

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18
Q

What articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna?

A

the trochlea of the humerus

19
Q

How many carpal bones make up the wrist?

A

8

20
Q

What are the 4 bones that make up the proximal row of carpals?

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

21
Q

What shape is the scaphoid?

A

boat - shaped

22
Q

What shape is the lunate?

A

moon - shaped

23
Q

What are the 4 bones that make up the distal row of carpals?

A

capitate, hamate, trapezium, trapeziod

24
Q

What are the three phalanges of the digits?

A

proximal, middle, distal

25
Q

Where and what shape is the pisiform?

A

a small, pea-shaped bone that lies on the palmar surface of the triquetrum

26
Q

What shape is the capitate?

A

head-shaped bone, largest bone in the carpus

27
Q

What shape is the hamate?

A

a wedge-shaped bone which has a hooked process, the hook of hamate, that extends anteriorly

28
Q

What bone marking is present near the acromial end of the clavicle at the bottom of the superior surface?

A

deltoid tubercle

29
Q

What bone marking is present near the acromial end of the clavicle at the bottom of the inferior surface?

A

the conoid tubercle

30
Q

What is the membrane that is present between the radius and ulna?

A

interosseous membrane

(inter - between, os - bone)

31
Q

What are sesamoid bones?

A

bones embedded in a tendon (patella)

32
Q

Which part of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula?

A

head of humerus

33
Q

What separates the lesser tubercle from the greater tubercle on the head of the humerus?

A

intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)

34
Q

What nerve is likely to be injured during a surgical fracture of the humerus?

A

axillary nerve

35
Q

What separates the the head of the humerus from the tubercles?

A

anatomical neck of the humerus

36
Q

Where is the humerus most commonly fractured?

A

at the surgical neck

37
Q

What are the two prominant features on the shaft of the humerus?

A

the deltoid tuberosity laterally, radial groove posteriorly

38
Q

What runs up the intertubercular groove?

A

long head of the biceps which then attaches to supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

39
Q

What three muscles attach to the bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus)?

A

pectoralis major (lateral lip) (C), latissimus dorsi (floor) (B), teres major (medial lip) (I)

the Lady (Latissimus dorsi) lying between two Majors (pectoralis and teres)

40
Q

What three fossa appear at the distal end of the humerus?

A

coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa, radial fossa

41
Q

What nerve is most likely to be damaged after a break to the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

A

ulnar nerve

42
Q

What nerve is most likely to be damaged after a break near the radial groove (spiral fracture)?

A

radial nerve

43
Q

What carpal bone is indicated by label 6?

A

trapezium

Anatomy - Upper Limb (9 decks)

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