Bones Flashcards
What are the bones that make up the upper limb?
Scapula, Clavicle, Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpus, Metacarpals, Phalanges
What type of bone is the scapula?
flat
What muscle attaches to the supraspinous fossa?
supraspinatus
What three bone markings appear on the convex posterior surface of the scapula?
spine of the Scapula, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa
What bone marking appears on the concave costal surface of the scapula?
subscapula fossa
What bone markings are located on the lateral surface of the scapula?
glenoid cavity, infraglenoid tubercle, supraglenoid tubercle
What bone marking is located at the lateral end of the spine of the scapula?
acromion
What bone making of the scapula articulates with the head of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint?
glenoid fossa
What is the longest bone in the forearm?
the ulna
What bone marking is superior to the glenoid cavity?
the coracoid process
Are fractures of the scapula common?
No, a fracture would indicate severe chest trauma possibly caused by a pedestrian - vehicle collision
What is the treatment for a fracture of the scapula?
No treatment, tone of surrounding muscles holds the scapula in place
What is ‘winging of the scapula’?
nerve damage to serratus anterior, which causes the scapula to protrude from the back when pushing with the arm
What does the sternal end of the clavicle articulate with?
the manubrium of the sternum
What does the acromial end of the clavicle articulate with?
the acromion of the scapula
How is the clavicle commonly fractured?
falling on an outstretched hand, which transmits an indirect force to the clavicle
What are the two prominent projections of the proximal end of the ulna?
the olecranon posteriorly and the coronoid process anteriorly
What articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna?
the trochlea of the humerus
How many carpal bones make up the wrist?
8
What are the 4 bones that make up the proximal row of carpals?
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
What shape is the scaphoid?
boat - shaped
What shape is the lunate?
moon - shaped
What are the 4 bones that make up the distal row of carpals?
capitate, hamate, trapezium, trapeziod
What are the three phalanges of the digits?
proximal, middle, distal
Where and what shape is the pisiform?
a small, pea-shaped bone that lies on the palmar surface of the triquetrum
What shape is the capitate?
head-shaped bone, largest bone in the carpus
What shape is the hamate?
a wedge-shaped bone which has a hooked process, the hook of hamate, that extends anteriorly
What bone marking is present near the acromial end of the clavicle at the bottom of the superior surface?
deltoid tubercle
What bone marking is present near the acromial end of the clavicle at the bottom of the inferior surface?
the conoid tubercle
What is the membrane that is present between the radius and ulna?
interosseous membrane
(inter - between, os - bone)
What are sesamoid bones?
bones embedded in a tendon (patella)
Which part of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula?
head of humerus
What separates the lesser tubercle from the greater tubercle on the head of the humerus?
intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)
What nerve is likely to be injured during a surgical fracture of the humerus?
axillary nerve
What separates the the head of the humerus from the tubercles?
anatomical neck of the humerus
Where is the humerus most commonly fractured?
at the surgical neck
What are the two prominant features on the shaft of the humerus?
the deltoid tuberosity laterally, radial groove posteriorly
What runs up the intertubercular groove?
long head of the biceps which then attaches to supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
What three muscles attach to the bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus)?
pectoralis major (lateral lip) (C), latissimus dorsi (floor) (B), teres major (medial lip) (I)
the Lady (Latissimus dorsi) lying between two Majors (pectoralis and teres)
What three fossa appear at the distal end of the humerus?
coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa, radial fossa
What nerve is most likely to be damaged after a break to the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
ulnar nerve
What nerve is most likely to be damaged after a break near the radial groove (spiral fracture)?
radial nerve
What carpal bone is indicated by label 6?
trapezium
