muscles

Question 1

acts concetrically to create a movement at a joint

Answer 1

agonist

Question 2

acts eccentricallt to oppose and control the movement

Answer 2

antagonist

Question 3

prevents movement of joint e.g. biceps brachii when holding a heavy book

Answer 3

stabilisers

Question 4

eliminating unwanted movement caused by another muscle e.g. pronator muscles in forearm

Answer 4

neutrilisers

Question 5

what type of lever stabilises joint position as a fulcrum between force and load (plus example)

Answer 5

First class, seesaw or neck extension at atlanto-occipital joint

Question 6

what type of lever is effective at overcoming heavy loads as a load between the fulcrum and force (plus example)

Answer 6

second class, bottle opener or plantar flexion at the ankle joint

Question 7

what type of lever has a alrge rand of movement and acts as a force between the fulcrum and load (plus example)

Answer 7

third class, fishing rod or flexion at the enblow joint

Question 8

what three factors of muscle form determine the function?

Answer 8

1. length of muscle fibres
2. number of muscle fibres
3. arrangement of muscle fibres

Question 9

as muscles fibres can shorten up to 50% of their resting length, what does this indicate?

Answer 9

if a large range of movement is required, there will be longer muscle fibres

Question 10

as tension is directly proportional ti the cross sectional area of muscle fibres, what does this indicate?

Answer 10

the greater number of muscle fibres, the greater cross sectional area and the greater tension

Question 11

what are the qualities of parallel muscle fibre arrangment

Answer 11

vertical arrangent between muscle tendons/ attachments means a smaller CSA so greater shortening

Question 12

what are the qualities of pennate muscle fibres?

Answer 12

oblique arrangment of fibres between muscle tendones/attachements means a greater CSA but lesser shortening (as can only shorten the length of the shortest fibre)

Question 13

what muscle has origin: scapula (both short and long head) and inserts at the radial tuberosity?

Answer 13

Biceps Brachii

Question 14

what muscle has origin: scapula and humerus and insertion: olecranon process of ulna

Answer 14

Triceps Brachii
side note: has long, lateral and medial head

Question 15

what muscle has origin: scapula and clavicle (pectoral girdle) and insertion: Deltiod tuberosity?

Answer 15

Deltiod

Question 16

what are the two muscles in the Iliopsoas muscle group?

Answer 16

Iliacus and Psoas Major

Question 17

what is the origin and insertions of the Iliopsoas muscle group?

Answer 17

Origin: iliac fossa (iliacus), lumbar vertebrae (Psoas Major)
Insertion: Femur (they join and thats the illiopsoas)

Question 18

what muscle originates at the Ilium and sacrum and inserts at the femur?

Answer 18

Gluteus maximus

Question 19

what are the four muscles in the muscle group Quadriceps femoris?

Answer 19

1. rectus femoris
2. vastus medialis
3. vastus intermedius
4. vastus lateralis

Question 20

what are the origins and insertion of the quadriceps femoris muscle group?

Answer 20

origins: rectus femoris - ilium, Vastus group - femur
insertion: tibial tuberosity

Question 21

what are the three muscles in the hamstrings muscle group?

Answer 21

1. Biceps femoris
2. semi-mebranosus
3. semi-tendinosus

Question 22

what are the origins and insertions of the muscles in the hamstrings muscle group?

Answer 22

Origin: ischium (+femur for the biceps femoris)
Insertions: tibia - semimebranosus and semitendinosus
fibula - biceps femoris

Question 23

what muscle originates at the tibia and inserts at the Tarsals?

Answer 23

tibialis anterior

Question 24

what are the two muscles in the muscle group Triceps Surae?

Answer 24

1. gastrocnemius
2. soleus

Question 25

what are the origins and insertion of the muscles in the triceps surae muscle group?

Answer 25

origins: condyles of femur - gastrocnemius, Tibia and fibula - soleus insertion - calcaneus via the calcaneal (achilles) tendon