anatomical terminology Flashcards
What is anatomical terminology?
It refers to the specific terms used to describe body parts, directions, and movements.
What is the anatomical position?
The position we always imagine the body is in when describing the location of things.
Define ‘anterior’.
In the front of.
Define ‘posterior’.
Behind / on the back of.
Define ‘superior’.
Above, closer to the head.
Define ‘inferior’.
Below, closer to the feet.
Define ‘medial’.
Towards the midline of the body.
Define ‘lateral’.
Away from the midline of the body.
Define ‘proximal’.
Close to the trunk or origin of a body part.
Define ‘distal’.
Away from the trunk or origin.
Define ‘deep’.
Further from the surface.
Define ‘superficial’.
Closer to the surface.
What is homeostasis?
Normal functioning of all systems of the human body and maintaining conditions in the internal environment.
What are the controlled variables in homeostasis?
- Temperature
- Ion concentrations (calcium, potassium, sodium)
- Fluid balance
- Blood sugar levels
What are the two methods the body uses to maintain homeostasis?
- Feedback
- Feedforward
What is negative feedback?
A system that responds to move back into a normal range when the body moves too far away from the set point.
True or False: Feedforward mechanisms are always conscious.
False.
What does the sagittal plane divide?
The body into left and right pieces.
What movements occur in the sagittal plane?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Dorsiflexion
- Plantarflexion
What does the midsagittal plane divide?
The body into mirror image left and right halves.
What does the coronal plane divide?
The body into front and back sections.
What movements occur in the coronal plane?
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Inversion
- Eversion
What does the transverse plane divide?
The body into top and bottom sections.
Define circumduction.
The combination of four movements: flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction without rotation.
