bone tissue and its microscopic structure

Question 1

What is cancellous bone known for?

Answer 1

Good at shock absorbing due to multidirectional struts.

Question 2

What is the function of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 2

Connects upper limbs to axial skeleton.

Question 3

What type of bone is a rib classified as?

Answer 3

Flat bone.

Question 4

How is the biological female pelvis adapted?

Answer 4

Adapted for childbirth.

Question 5

Is bone a living tissue?

Answer 5

True.

Question 6

What are bones made up of?

Answer 6

Cells and a calcified extracellular matrix.

Question 7

What allows bones to respond and adapt to changes?

Answer 7

Bone cells.

Question 8

What happens to bone in response to frequent stress, such as from weightlifting?

Answer 8

Bone remodels itself and can change shape.

Question 9

How do bone cells respond to trauma?

Answer 9

They unite broken parts.

Question 10

What are the two extracellular components of bone?

Answer 10

• Organic * Inorganic

Question 11

What percentage of bone ECM is organic?

Answer 11

33%.

Question 12

What is the main organic component of bone?

Answer 12

Collagen.

Question 13

What is the function of collagen in bone?

Answer 13

Resists tension and allows flexibility.

Question 14

What percentage of bone ECM is inorganic?

Answer 14

67%.

Question 15

What mineral is primarily responsible for the hardness of bone?

Answer 15

Hydroxyapatite.

Question 16

What is the cellular component of bone responsible for?

Answer 16

Making, destroying, and maintaining bone.

Question 17

What are the four types of bone cells?

Answer 17

• Osteogenic cells * Osteoblasts * Osteocytes * Osteoclasts

Question 18

What is the role of osteoblasts?

Answer 18

Produce new bone matrix.

Question 19

What do osteocytes do?

Answer 19

Maintain bone health and recycle proteins and minerals.

Question 20

What is the function of osteoclasts?

Answer 20

Remove bone matrix when it is no longer needed.

Question 21

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Answer 21

• Compact * Cancellous

Question 22

What is the structure of compact bone?

Answer 22

Dense and good at transmitting weight in one direction.

Question 23

What is an osteon?

Answer 23

Longitudinal unit within compact bone providing a pathway for nutrients.

Question 24

What does the central canal of an osteon contain?

Answer 24

Blood vessels and nerves.

Question 25

What are lacunae?

Answer 25

'Lakes' for osteocytes to live.

Question 26

What are canaliculi?

Answer 26

Channels for nutrients to travel to osteocytes.

Question 27

What characterizes cancellous bone?

Answer 27

Spongy, net-like structure.

Question 28

What fills the cavities between trabeculae in cancellous bone?

Answer 28

Marrow.

Question 29

What allows bones to grow in width?

Answer 29

Appositional growth through osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Question 30

What is bone homeostasis?

Answer 30

Balance of osteoclast and osteoblast activity.

Question 31

What condition occurs when osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts?

Answer 31

Osteopenia.

Question 32

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 32

Clinically significant loss of bone density.

Question 33

What are some risk factors for osteoporosis?

Answer 33

* Loss of estrogen post-menopause * Poor nutrition * Lack of exercise

Question 34

What can cause compression fractures of vertebrae?

Answer 34

Loss of trabecular bone density.

Question 35

What is the effect of lifestyle on bone health?

Answer 35

Poor lifestyle choices can increase risk of osteoporosis.