Muscles

Question 1

Skeletal muscle

Answer 1

Attaches to skeletal bones, pull on bones to move the body, cylindrical parallel fibres with light stripes (striations), voluntary, fast twitch fibres.

Question 2

Smooth muscle

Answer 2

Walls of hollow organs, blood vessels and glands, contract tubes to move substances, spindle shaped fibres with pointed ends and no striations, involuntary, slow.

Question 3

Cardiac muscle

Answer 3

Muscular walls of heart, contracts the heart to pump blood, cylindrical branching fibres with dark striations and disks, involuntary, medium.

Question 4

What are the 6 functions?

Answer 4

Movement, stability, posture, protection, heat, circulation.

Question 5

What are the muscle characteristics?

Answer 5

Contractility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity.

Question 6

Contractility

Answer 6

The ability to shorten and thicken with force.

Question 7

Excitability

Answer 7

The ability to respond to a stimulus.

Question 8

Extensibility

Answer 8

The ability to stretch beyond its original length.

Question 9

Elasticity

Answer 9

The ability to return to its original length.

Question 10

Origin

Answer 10

2 or more skeletal muscles act together to pull on bones, attachment to a stable bone that does not move during muscle contraction, biceps origin attaches to scapula.

Question 11

Insertion

Answer 11

Attachment to a mobile bone that moves during muscle contraction, biceps insertion attaches to radius.

Question 12

Agonist

Answer 12

Provides the main force to a moving bone by contracting, biceps contract.

Question 13

Antagonist

Answer 13

The muscle that acts in opposition to the agonist by relaxing, triceps relax.

Question 14

What are the 4 muscle pairings?

Answer 14

Biceps brachii & Triceps brachii, Hamstings & Quadriceps, Flexor digitorum & Extensor digitorum, Gastrocnemius & Tibialis anterior.

Question 15

What are the 3 types of muscle contraction?

Answer 15

Concentric, Eccentric, Isometric.

Question 16

Concentric

Answer 16

Muscle contracts and shortens to pull up on a skeletal bone, muscle force is greater than the resistance, flexion, ex. going down for a push up.

Question 17

Eccentric

Answer 17

Muscle contracts and lengthens to control the lowering of a skeletal bone, muscle force is less than the resistance, extension, ex. when going back up for a push up.

Question 18

Isometric

Answer 18

Muscle contracts but does not change its length to keep a bone motionless, muscle force is equal to the resistance, no motion, ex. staying at top for a push up.

Question 19

What are the 8 muscle movement parings + 2.

Answer 19

Flexion & Extension, Abduction & Adduction, Lateral rotation & Medial rotation, Pronation & Supination, Eversion & Inversion, Protraction & Retraction, Elevation & Depression, Dorsiflexion & Plantar Flexion, Hyperextension and Cirumduction.