Muscles

Question 1

Muscles

Answer 1

There are about 650 muscles in the human body and they make up nearly half of its weight. Muscles produce movement and maintain posture.

Question 2

Muscle Roles in body funtions:

Answer 2

Heart

Breathing

Circulation

Digestion

Question 3

Types of muscles

Answer 3

• Skeletal muscles
• Smooth muscles
• Cardiac muscles

Question 4

Cardiac muscle

Answer 4

Muscle that makes up the heart walls and is responsible for controlling the
heart. Cardiac muscle is INVOLUNTARY and requires no
conscious thought control as it works automatically.

Question 5

Smooth muscle

Answer 5

Is found in the intestines and
blood vessels. Smooth muscle is INVOLUNTARY and like cardiac
muscle you have no control over it.

Question 6

Skeletal muscle

Answer 6

Is controlled VOLUNTARILY and is the muscle used to perform movements and control posture. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tendons and are used to perform physical activity.

Question 7

Movement

Answer 7

Movement is made possible when muscles contract or shorten and pull on the bones to which they are attached. Muscles work in pairs so that when one muscle contracts to create a desired movement, its
“partner” must relax and stretch to allow the bones to move.

Question 8

Reciprocal Inhibiton

Answer 8

The muscle creating the movement is known as the AGONIST or PRIME MOVER.

The muscle that relaxes is known as the ANTAGONIST.

Also, to assist this process the surrounding bones need to be stable to allow effective movement. Muscles
that contract to hold the surrounding bones still are known as STABILISERS.

Question 9

Nervous Control

Answer 9

Muscular contractions are controlled by conscious thought in the brain:

1. Brain sends signal
2. Electrical impulse travels along spinal
   chord to motor neuron (nerve)
3. Impulse travels along chain of neurons
   (neural chain)
4. Message arrives at muscle fibres
5. Muscle fibres are stimulated to contract.

Question 10

Neuron Structure

Answer 10

Cell Body – the body of the cell

Nucleus – control centre of the neuron

Dendrites – receive information from other neurons

Axon – conducts the electrical impulses (it is covered in a protective myelin sheath)

Question 11

Sliding Filament Theory

Answer 11

1. Electrical impulse arrives at the relaxed muscle via the CNS
2. Calcium is released which bonds the cross bridges to the ACTIN
3. Cross bridges begin to pull the ACTIN filaments towards middle
4. Muscle contracts and shortens.

Question 12

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Answer 12

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