Blood Flashcards
Three types of blood vessels
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
Veins
Carry blood back to the heart
Capillaries
Site of where exchanges of gases between cells and blood takes place
Heart Rate
Amount of times the heart contracts per minutes
Stroke Volume
Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat
Cardiac Output
Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart per minute
Cardiac Output Equation
Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
Blood role
Blood transports materials required for energy production, including oxygen and glucose, and byproducts of energy production such as carbon
dioxide and lactate, around the body
Red blood cells
Transport oxygen to, and carbon dioxide from, the cells and muscles
White blood cells
Pass through capillary walls into
the body cells to fight disease
Platelets
Cause blood to clot when a blood
vessel is damaged
Plasma
Provides the cells with proteins, salts, glucose, fats, antibodies and some oxygen.
Systematic circulation
when oxygenated blood is transported from the heart via the left ventricle and aorta and circulated into the arteries around the body, and deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the vena cava and into the right atrium
Pulmonary circulation
when deoxygenated blood is transported away from the heart and circulated to the lungs via the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, and oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary vein and into the left atrium
Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation relates to the
maintenance of body temperature and the heat exchange that occurs between the body and the environment.
Core temperature
36.5-37.5 centigrede
Core temperature increase due to:
increased blood flow around the
body
muscle use and energy production
the environmental conditions that
an individual may exercise in, such
as heat and humidity.
Mechanisms to control body temperature
sweating
shivering
controlling blood flow to the skin and
around the body.
Vasodilation
When the body is too hot and there is need for heat loss, the cardiovascular system will automatically direct more blood flow through the vessels to the skin surface
Vasoconstriction
When the body is too cold and there is need for heat retention, the cardiovascular system will restrict blood flow to the skin and redirect it to the internal organs, decreasing heat loss.
Hypothermia
Hypothermia is a thermal risk associated with exercising in cold environmental conditions. It occurs when the body’s core temperature falls below 35 degrees Celsius.
