Muscles Flashcards
My/o
muscle
Muscul/o
Muscle
In/o
Fiber
Fasci/o
Fascia
Ten/o, tendin/o
Tendon
Ton/o
Tone (muscle)
kine, kinesi/o, Kinet/o
Movement
Amyotrophic Lateral Schlerosis (ALS)
Disease caused by motor neuron degeneration resulting in muscular weakness and atrophy; Lou Gehrig disease
Asthenia
Weakness
Ataxia
Lack of muscle coordination (root tax/o meaning order, arrangement)
atrophy
Wasting away; a decrease in the size of a tissue or organ such as wasting of muscle from disuse
Avulsion
Forcible tearing away of a part
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
Disease of unknown cause that involves persistent fatigue plus muscle and joint pain and other symptoms; may be virally induced
contracture
Permanent contraction of a muscle
Fibromyalgia
Disorder associated with widespread muscular aches and stiffness and having no known cause
Muscular dystrophy
Group of heredity muscular disorders marked by progressive weakness and muscle atrophy
Myasthenia gravis
An autoimmune disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness due to its effect on the neuromuscular junctions
Polymyositis
Inflammation of skeletal muscle leading to weakness; can lead to dysphagia or cardiac problems; often associated with other diseases such as RA or lupus
Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)
Tissue damage caused by repeated motion (usually arm or hand) in occupational activities eg. writing, typing
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)
Uneasiness, twitching or restlessness in the legs after going to bed and often leading to insomnia; may be due to poor circulation or drug side effects
Rheumatism
General term for inflammation, soreness and stiffness of muscles associated with joint pain
Spasm
Sudden, involuntary muscle contraction; may be clonic (contraction alternating with relaxation) or tonic (sustained); a cramp is a strong and painful spasm
Spasticity
Increased tone or contraction of muscles causing stiff and awkward movements
Sprain
Injury to a ligament by abnormal or excessive force at joint but without bone dislocation or fracture
Strain
Muscle trauma due to overuse or excessive stretch; if severe may involve muscle tearing, bleeding, or separation from its tendon or tendon from bone
Stress injuries
Common ones: rotator cuff (RTC); epicondilytis (medial-golfer’s elbow, lateral-tennis elbow); carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS); trigger finger; “pulled” hamstring; shin-splints; Achilles tendinitis
Tendinitis
Inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; shoulder, elbow and hip are common sites; also known as tenosynovitis (tendon, tendon sheath & synovial membrane at a joint)
Tetanus
Acute, infectious disease with painful, persistent spasms of voluntary muscles; lockjaw
Tetany
Condition of spasms, cramps & muscle twitching due to metabolic imbalance; eg. low blood calcium
Torticollis
Spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; wryneck
