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LBBIO 2 > MUSCLES > Flashcards

MUSCLES Flashcards

1
Q

considered together as functional unit that permit body movements and locomotion

A

Skeletal muscles and skeleton

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2
Q

Muscles are attached to the bones by connective tissue called

A

tendon

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3
Q

broad, flat and sheet-like tendon

A

aponeurosis

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4
Q

often have two points of attachment

A

Skeletal muscles

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5
Q

2 points of attachment

A

fixed or stationary
movable

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6
Q

fixed point of attachment of the muscle

A

anatomical origin

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7
Q

movable point of attachment

A

insertion

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8
Q

part between the origin and insertion of a muscle

A

Belly

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9
Q

muscles could have more than one origin, called

A

heads

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10
Q

When muscles have several insertions, these are termed

A

slips

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11
Q

move a part towards the main axis of the body

A

Adductor

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12
Q

move a part away from the main axis of the body

A

Abductor

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13
Q

move jointed parts away from each other

A

Extensor

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14
Q

move jointed parts towards each other

A

Flexor

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15
Q

raises a part

A

Levator

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16
Q

lowers a part

A

Depressor

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17
Q

large spaces between the skin and muscles where the skin is not attached

A

subcutaneous lymph sacs

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18
Q

small transverse muscle located at the anterior tip of the mandible (lower jaw)

OIA

A

Submentalis

Origin Anterior tip of the mandible
Insertion Anterior angle of the lower jaw
Action Raises the tip of the lower jaw

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19
Q

Lateral to the median raphe is the thin, broad, transversely-oriented fibers

A

Mylohyoid

Origin Median surface of the mandible
Insertion Median raphe
Action Raises the floor of the mouth during breathing or swallowing

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20
Q

median longitudinal connective tissue on the ventral of the lower jaw

A

median raphe

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21
Q

A pair of longitudinal flat muscles can be seen on the ventral midline is seen after cutting the median raphe and deflect the mylohyoid laterally

A

Geniohyoid
Origin Anterior angle of the lower jaw
Insertion Posterior cornua and thyroid processes of the hyoid
Action Draws the hyoid forward and upward

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22
Q

median pair of muscles which is partly covered by the posterior rim of the mylohyoid

A

Sternoradialis
Origin Episternum and omosternum
Insertion Proximal end of the radius
Action Flexes the forearm

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23
Q

most ventral, thin, pocket-like, superficial muscle found posterior to the sternoradialis.

A

Cutaneous pectoralis
Origin Xiphisternum; from the anterior margin of the sheath that covers the rectus abdominis
Insertion Dermis of the skin at the pectoral region
Action Tenses the skin that overlies the pectoral girdle

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24
Q

deflect ventrally the cutaneous pectoralis and locate this group of fan-shaped muscles that are also found posterior to the sternoradialis.

A

Pectoralis
Origin Sternum
Insertion Humerus
Action Flexor, adductor, and rotator of the arm

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25
Q

Pectoralis can be divided into three parts

A

anterior, medial, and posterior pectoralis

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26
Q

Lateral to the linea alba is a longitudinal muscle, The muscle is subdivided by a series of transverse, tendinous inscriptions

A

Rectus abdominis
Origin Pubic border
Insertion Sternum
Action Support the abdominal viscera; hold the sternum in place

27
Q

thin connective tissue running at the
midventral portion of the abdomen

A

linea alba

28
Q

sheet-like muscle lateral to the rectus abdominis

A

External oblique
Origin Ilium; dorsal fascia of vertebrae
Insertion Linea alba
Action Help constrict the abdomen; support the viscera

29
Q

thin sheet of muscle closely applied to the external oblique but differs in the direction of the fibers

A

Internal oblique
Origin Ilium; dorsal fascia; transverse process of vertebrae
Insertion Anterior portion of the same aponeurosis to which the external oblique attaches
Action Help constrict the abdomen; support the viscera

30
Q

locate the flat strap-like muscle running obliquely along the ventral side of the thigh.

A

Sartorius
Origin Pubis
Insertion Tibiofibula
Action Flexes the shank; adducts the thigh

31
Q

muscle can be seen by cutting the belly of the sartorius muscle

A

Adductor longus
Origin Ilium
Insertion Femur
Action Adducts the thigh

32
Q

thick muscle near the groin area. This is seen as a triangle when the sartorius is in place. This is also the muscle immediately posterior to the adductor longus.

A

Adductor magnus
Origin Pubic symphysis; ischial symphysis
Insertion Distal end of the femur
Action Adducts the thigh; flexes or extends the shank

33
Q

large muscle with oblique fibers situated posterior to the adductor magnus.

A

Gracilis major
Origin Ischium
Insertion Tibiofibula
Action Adducts the thigh; flexes the shank

34
Q

find this long strip, narrow muscle at the posterior margin of gracilis major.

A

Gracilis minor
Origin Ischium
Insertion Tibiofibula
Action Adducts the thigh; flexes the shank

35
Q

deep muscle. In order to see this muscle, separate gracilis major and the adductor magnus, between the two is

A

Semitendinosus
Origin Ischium
Insertion Tibiofibula
Action Adducts the thigh; flexes the leg

36
Q

large muscle situated at the back of the shank. white tissues surrounding the belly of this muscle. Also in the thigh and shank

A

Gastrocnemius
Origin Distal end of the femur; anterior portion of the knee
Insertion Ankle of the foot
Action Extensor of the foot

37
Q

white tissue

A

(fascia)

38
Q

narrow but thick muscle anterior to the gastrocnemius and partly covered by it. This is seen attached to the surface of the tibiofibula.

A

Tibialis posticus
Origin Posterior surface of the tibiofibula
Insertion Proximal end of the astragalus
Action Extensor or flexor of the foot depending on the position of the foot

39
Q

locate this short, slender muscle at the anterior proximal half of the tibiofibula. In the toad, this muscle is not well-defined.

A

Extensor cruris
Origin Distal end of the femur
Insertion Anterior surface of the proximal half of the tibiofibula
Action Extensor of the foot

40
Q

find this narrow muscle distal to the extensor cruris. In the toad, this muscle is not well-defined.

A

Flexor tarsi anterior
Origin Anterior surface of the middle and distal half of tibiofibula
Insertion Proximal end of astragalus; fascia of the foot
Action Flexor of the foot

41
Q

locate the most anterior muscle of the shank which can also be seen dorsally. This muscle splits into two slips distally.

A

Tibialis anticus
Origin Femur
Insertion Distal end of the astragalus and calcaneus
Action Flexor of the foot

42
Q

thick muscle that passes obliquely ventral to the lateral portion of the sternoradialis.

A

Scapulohumeralis (Deltoid)
Origin Scapula
Insertion Deltoid ridge
Action Adducts the forearm

43
Q

locate this large muscle that is situated at the posterior side of the upper arm which could be seen both dorsally and ventrally

A

Triceps brachii

Origin Base of the scapula; shaft of the humerus
Insertion Proximal end of the radioulna
Action Extends the forearm

44
Q

locate a pair of stout muscles posterior to the eye and at about the level of the tympanic membrane.

A

Temporalis
Origin Middorsal line of the skull
Insertion Posterior region of the mandible
Action Raises the lower jaw; closes the mouth

45
Q

find this flattened muscle immediately posterior to the temporalis muscle. In the toad, this muscle is a stout muscle posterolateral to the temporalis muscle.

A

Depressor mandibulae
Origin Through the tough fascia in the middorsal line
Insertion Mandible
Action Depresses the jaw

46
Q

this large, broad muscle underneath the depressor mandibulae, which can be exposed by cutting the fascia of the depressor mandibulae along the middorsal line. In the toad, this is a large broad muscle immediately posterior to the depressor mandibulae and concealed under the paratoid gland.

A

Dorsalis scapulae
Origin Dorsal surface of suprascapula and scapula
Insertion Lateral side of the humerus
Action Abducts the arm

47
Q

pair of narrow muscles medial to the dorsalis
scapulae and is found lying lateral to the middorsal line.

A

Cucullaris
Origin Middorsal line
Insertion Portion of the pectoral girdle
Action Draws forelimbs upward

48
Q

pair of large, flat, triangular muscles immediately posterior to and partly covered anteriorly by the depressor mandibulae. In the toad, this is a two-prong V-shaped muscle with dorsal and ventral slips. The dorsal slip is found posterolateral to the cucullaris, while the ventral slip is found posterior to the dorsalis scapulae.

A

Latissimus dorsi
Origin Lumbodorsal fascia
Insertion Lateral side of the proximal end of the humerus
Action Draws the forelimb upward and backward

49
Q

find the mass of muscle posterior to the latissimus dorsi lying alongside the middorsal line and tapering posteriorly.

A

Longissimus dorsi
Origin Anterior third of the urostyle
Insertion Posterior end of the skull; dorsal surfaces of the vertebrae
Action Extends the back; elevates the head

50
Q

locate the muscle lateral to the longissimus dorsi. The lateral or horizontal skeletogenous septum, a strong connective tissue, separates the ____ from the lateral external oblique.

A

Ilio-lumbaris
Origin Anterior part of the ilium
Insertion Transverse processes of the trunk vertebrae
Action Bends the back

51
Q

find the pair of small V-shaped muscles immediately posterior to the longissimus dorsi.

A

Coccygeo-sacralis
Origin Lateral side of the half of the urostyle
Insertion Transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae
Action Draws the back and urostyle nearer to each other

52
Q

locate a pair of large V-shaped muscles immediately posterior to the coccygeo-sacralis and is situated between the ilia of the pelvic girdle.

A

Coccygeo-iliacus
Origin Lateral side of the posterior half of the urostyle
Insertion Ilium
Action Extends the back; fixes the urostyle with respect to the pelvic girdle

53
Q

largest, three-headed muscles that cover the lateral surface of the thigh. has three heads

A

Triceps femoris

54
Q

Triceps femoris three heads which are

A

Vastus externus- dorsally situated
Rectus femoris (Tensor fascia lata)- medially located
Vastus internus- ventrally located

55
Q

Vastus externus OIA

A

O crest of the ilium
Insertion Front of tibia
Action Draws the hindlimb forward; extends the leg

56
Q

Tensor fascia lata or Rectus femoris OIA

A

Origin ventral side of the ilium
Insertion Front of tibia
Action Draws the hindlimb forward; extends the leg

57
Q

Vastus internus

A

O acetabulum
Insertion Front of tibia
Action Draws the hindlimb forward; extends the leg

58
Q

find this small but thick muscle found anterior to the vastus externus and medial to the rectus femoris.

A

Gluteus
Origin Ilium
Insertion Proximal end of the femur
Action Rotates the femur forward

59
Q

slender muscle posterior to the triceps femoris with the proximal end being covered by the vastus externus.

A

Biceps femoris (Iliofibularis)
slender muscle posterior to the
triceps femoris with the proximal end being covered by the vastus externus.

60
Q

find this large muscle situated posterior to the biceps femoris.

A

Semimembranosus
Origin Posterior part of the ischium
Insertion Proximal end of the tibiofibula
Action Flexes or extends the shank

61
Q

slender, short muscle found between the proximal end of the biceps femoris and the semimembranosus.

A

Pyriformis
Origin Urostyle
Insertion Femur
Action Pulls the urostyle to one side; draws the femur dorsally

62
Q

this muscle of the shank immediately anterior to the gastrocnemius and partly covered by it.

A

Peroneus
Origin Distal end of the femur
Insertion Distal end of the tibiofibula; proximal end of calcaneus
Action Extensor or flexor of the foot

63
Q

Muscles act by

A

contraction

LBBIO 2 (4 decks)

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