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LBBIO 2 > MUSCLES > Flashcards

MUSCLES Flashcards

1
Q

considered together as functional unit that permit body movements and locomotion

A

Skeletal muscles and skeleton

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2
Q

Muscles are attached to the bones by connective tissue called

A

tendon

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3
Q

broad, flat and sheet-like tendon

A

aponeurosis

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4
Q

often have two points of attachment

A

Skeletal muscles

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5
Q

2 points of attachment

A

fixed or stationary
movable

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6
Q

fixed point of attachment of the muscle

A

anatomical origin

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7
Q

movable point of attachment

A

insertion

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8
Q

part between the origin and insertion of a muscle

A

Belly

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9
Q

muscles could have more than one origin, called

A

heads

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10
Q

When muscles have several insertions, these are termed

A

slips

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11
Q

move a part towards the main axis of the body

A

Adductor

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12
Q

move a part away from the main axis of the body

A

Abductor

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13
Q

move jointed parts away from each other

A

Extensor

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14
Q

move jointed parts towards each other

A

Flexor

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15
Q

raises a part

A

Levator

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16
Q

lowers a part

A

Depressor

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17
Q

large spaces between the skin and muscles where the skin is not attached

A

subcutaneous lymph sacs

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18
Q

small transverse muscle located at the anterior tip of the mandible (lower jaw)

OIA

A

Submentalis

Origin Anterior tip of the mandible
Insertion Anterior angle of the lower jaw
Action Raises the tip of the lower jaw

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19
Q

Lateral to the median raphe is the thin, broad, transversely-oriented fibers

A

Mylohyoid

Origin Median surface of the mandible
Insertion Median raphe
Action Raises the floor of the mouth during breathing or swallowing

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20
Q

median longitudinal connective tissue on the ventral of the lower jaw

A

median raphe

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21
Q

A pair of longitudinal flat muscles can be seen on the ventral midline is seen after cutting the median raphe and deflect the mylohyoid laterally

A

Geniohyoid
Origin Anterior angle of the lower jaw
Insertion Posterior cornua and thyroid processes of the hyoid
Action Draws the hyoid forward and upward

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22
Q

median pair of muscles which is partly covered by the posterior rim of the mylohyoid

A

Sternoradialis
Origin Episternum and omosternum
Insertion Proximal end of the radius
Action Flexes the forearm

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23
Q

most ventral, thin, pocket-like, superficial muscle found posterior to the sternoradialis.

A

Cutaneous pectoralis
Origin Xiphisternum; from the anterior margin of the sheath that covers the rectus abdominis
Insertion Dermis of the skin at the pectoral region
Action Tenses the skin that overlies the pectoral girdle

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24
Q

deflect ventrally the cutaneous pectoralis and locate this group of fan-shaped muscles that are also found posterior to the sternoradialis.

A

Pectoralis
Origin Sternum
Insertion Humerus
Action Flexor, adductor, and rotator of the arm

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25
Pectoralis can be divided into three parts
anterior, medial, and posterior pectoralis
26
Lateral to the linea alba is a longitudinal muscle, The muscle is subdivided by a series of transverse, tendinous inscriptions
Rectus abdominis Origin Pubic border Insertion Sternum Action Support the abdominal viscera; hold the sternum in place
27
thin connective tissue running at the midventral portion of the abdomen
linea alba
28
sheet-like muscle lateral to the rectus abdominis
External oblique Origin Ilium; dorsal fascia of vertebrae Insertion Linea alba Action Help constrict the abdomen; support the viscera
29
thin sheet of muscle closely applied to the external oblique but differs in the direction of the fibers
Internal oblique Origin Ilium; dorsal fascia; transverse process of vertebrae Insertion Anterior portion of the same aponeurosis to which the external oblique attaches Action Help constrict the abdomen; support the viscera
30
locate the flat strap-like muscle running obliquely along the ventral side of the thigh.
Sartorius Origin Pubis Insertion Tibiofibula Action Flexes the shank; adducts the thigh
31
muscle can be seen by cutting the belly of the sartorius muscle
Adductor longus Origin Ilium Insertion Femur Action Adducts the thigh
32
thick muscle near the groin area. This is seen as a triangle when the sartorius is in place. This is also the muscle immediately posterior to the adductor longus.
Adductor magnus Origin Pubic symphysis; ischial symphysis Insertion Distal end of the femur Action Adducts the thigh; flexes or extends the shank
33
large muscle with oblique fibers situated posterior to the adductor magnus.
Gracilis major Origin Ischium Insertion Tibiofibula Action Adducts the thigh; flexes the shank
34
find this long strip, narrow muscle at the posterior margin of gracilis major.
Gracilis minor Origin Ischium Insertion Tibiofibula Action Adducts the thigh; flexes the shank
35
deep muscle. In order to see this muscle, separate gracilis major and the adductor magnus, between the two is
Semitendinosus Origin Ischium Insertion Tibiofibula Action Adducts the thigh; flexes the leg
36
large muscle situated at the back of the shank. white tissues surrounding the belly of this muscle. Also in the thigh and shank
Gastrocnemius Origin Distal end of the femur; anterior portion of the knee Insertion Ankle of the foot Action Extensor of the foot
37
white tissue
(fascia)
38
narrow but thick muscle anterior to the gastrocnemius and partly covered by it. This is seen attached to the surface of the tibiofibula.
Tibialis posticus Origin Posterior surface of the tibiofibula Insertion Proximal end of the astragalus Action Extensor or flexor of the foot depending on the position of the foot
39
locate this short, slender muscle at the anterior proximal half of the tibiofibula. In the toad, this muscle is not well-defined.
Extensor cruris Origin Distal end of the femur Insertion Anterior surface of the proximal half of the tibiofibula Action Extensor of the foot
40
find this narrow muscle distal to the extensor cruris. In the toad, this muscle is not well-defined.
Flexor tarsi anterior Origin Anterior surface of the middle and distal half of tibiofibula Insertion Proximal end of astragalus; fascia of the foot Action Flexor of the foot
41
locate the most anterior muscle of the shank which can also be seen dorsally. This muscle splits into two slips distally.
Tibialis anticus Origin Femur Insertion Distal end of the astragalus and calcaneus Action Flexor of the foot
42
thick muscle that passes obliquely ventral to the lateral portion of the sternoradialis.
Scapulohumeralis (Deltoid) Origin Scapula Insertion Deltoid ridge Action Adducts the forearm
43
locate this large muscle that is situated at the posterior side of the upper arm which could be seen both dorsally and ventrally
Triceps brachii Origin Base of the scapula; shaft of the humerus Insertion Proximal end of the radioulna Action Extends the forearm
44
locate a pair of stout muscles posterior to the eye and at about the level of the tympanic membrane.
Temporalis Origin Middorsal line of the skull Insertion Posterior region of the mandible Action Raises the lower jaw; closes the mouth
45
find this flattened muscle immediately posterior to the temporalis muscle. In the toad, this muscle is a stout muscle posterolateral to the temporalis muscle.
Depressor mandibulae Origin Through the tough fascia in the middorsal line Insertion Mandible Action Depresses the jaw
46
this large, broad muscle underneath the depressor mandibulae, which can be exposed by cutting the fascia of the depressor mandibulae along the middorsal line. In the toad, this is a large broad muscle immediately posterior to the depressor mandibulae and concealed under the paratoid gland.
Dorsalis scapulae Origin Dorsal surface of suprascapula and scapula Insertion Lateral side of the humerus Action Abducts the arm
47
pair of narrow muscles medial to the dorsalis scapulae and is found lying lateral to the middorsal line.
Cucullaris Origin Middorsal line Insertion Portion of the pectoral girdle Action Draws forelimbs upward
48
pair of large, flat, triangular muscles immediately posterior to and partly covered anteriorly by the depressor mandibulae. In the toad, this is a two-prong V-shaped muscle with dorsal and ventral slips. The dorsal slip is found posterolateral to the cucullaris, while the ventral slip is found posterior to the dorsalis scapulae.
Latissimus dorsi Origin Lumbodorsal fascia Insertion Lateral side of the proximal end of the humerus Action Draws the forelimb upward and backward
49
find the mass of muscle posterior to the latissimus dorsi lying alongside the middorsal line and tapering posteriorly.
Longissimus dorsi Origin Anterior third of the urostyle Insertion Posterior end of the skull; dorsal surfaces of the vertebrae Action Extends the back; elevates the head
50
locate the muscle lateral to the longissimus dorsi. The lateral or horizontal skeletogenous septum, a strong connective tissue, separates the ____ from the lateral external oblique.
Ilio-lumbaris Origin Anterior part of the ilium Insertion Transverse processes of the trunk vertebrae Action Bends the back
51
find the pair of small V-shaped muscles immediately posterior to the longissimus dorsi.
Coccygeo-sacralis Origin Lateral side of the half of the urostyle Insertion Transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae Action Draws the back and urostyle nearer to each other
52
locate a pair of large V-shaped muscles immediately posterior to the coccygeo-sacralis and is situated between the ilia of the pelvic girdle.
Coccygeo-iliacus Origin Lateral side of the posterior half of the urostyle Insertion Ilium Action Extends the back; fixes the urostyle with respect to the pelvic girdle
53
largest, three-headed muscles that cover the lateral surface of the thigh. has three heads
Triceps femoris
54
Triceps femoris three heads which are
Vastus externus- dorsally situated Rectus femoris (Tensor fascia lata)- medially located Vastus internus- ventrally located
55
Vastus externus OIA
O crest of the ilium Insertion Front of tibia Action Draws the hindlimb forward; extends the leg
56
Tensor fascia lata or Rectus femoris OIA
Origin ventral side of the ilium Insertion Front of tibia Action Draws the hindlimb forward; extends the leg
57
Vastus internus
O acetabulum Insertion Front of tibia Action Draws the hindlimb forward; extends the leg
58
find this small but thick muscle found anterior to the vastus externus and medial to the rectus femoris.
Gluteus Origin Ilium Insertion Proximal end of the femur Action Rotates the femur forward
59
slender muscle posterior to the triceps femoris with the proximal end being covered by the vastus externus.
Biceps femoris (Iliofibularis) slender muscle posterior to the triceps femoris with the proximal end being covered by the vastus externus.
60
find this large muscle situated posterior to the biceps femoris.
Semimembranosus Origin Posterior part of the ischium Insertion Proximal end of the tibiofibula Action Flexes or extends the shank
61
slender, short muscle found between the proximal end of the biceps femoris and the semimembranosus.
Pyriformis Origin Urostyle Insertion Femur Action Pulls the urostyle to one side; draws the femur dorsally
62
this muscle of the shank immediately anterior to the gastrocnemius and partly covered by it.
Peroneus Origin Distal end of the femur Insertion Distal end of the tibiofibula; proximal end of calcaneus Action Extensor or flexor of the foot
63
Muscles act by
contraction

LBBIO 2 (4 decks)

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