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Second Year Osteopathy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Which nerve are the muscles of Facial Expression innervated by?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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2
Q

Occipitofrontalis - facts

A
  • 2 bellies: occipital and frontal
    joined via the epicranial aponeurosis
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3
Q

Occipitofrontalis - Origin/Insertion

A

Origin:
Frontal belly - epicranial aponeurosis
Occipital belly - lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line

Insertion:
Frontal belly - skin and subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead
Occipital belly - epicranial aponeurosis

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4
Q

Occipitofrontalis - Action

A

elevates eyebrows, wrinkles skin on forehead, retracts scalp

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5
Q

Orbicularis Oculi - facts

A

Sphincter shaped muscle
two parts - palpebral par (inner), orbital part (outer)

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6
Q

Orbicularis Oculi - Origin/Insertion

A

Origin:
medial orbital margin, medial palpebral ligament, lacrimal bone

Insertion:
skin around margin of orbit, superior and inferior tarsal plates in eyelids

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7
Q

Orbicularis Oculi - Action

A

closes eyelids
palpebral part: gently
orbital part: tightly

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8
Q

Buccinator - Origin/Insertion

A

Origin:
alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible

Insertion:
angle of mouth and orbicularis oris

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9
Q

Buccinator - Action

A

presses cheek against molar teeth, resists distension of cheeks when blowing

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10
Q

Orbicularis Oris - facts

A

Sphincter of mouth

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11
Q

Orbicularis Oris - Origin/Insertion

A

Origin:
maxilla and mandible bones, angles of mouth

Insertion:
mucous membranes of lips

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12
Q

Orbicularis Oris - Action

A

holds lips closes, compresses and protrudes lips

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13
Q

Platysma - facts

A

contained within the subcutaneous tissue of the neck

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14
Q

Platysma - Origin/Insertion

A

Origin:
subcutaneous fascia of the supra and infraclavicular regions

Insertion:
mandible, skin of cheek and lower lip

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15
Q

Platysma - Action

A

depresses mandible, tenses skin of inferior face and neck

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16
Q

Temporalis - PA & DA

A

PA:
floor of temporal fossa, up to the inferior temporal line, deep surface temporal fascia

DA:
coronoid process of the mandible, anterior ramus

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17
Q

Temporalis - N/S & Action

A

N/S:
CN V3 mandibular br. of trigeminal nerve

Action:
elevates mandible, posterior fibre retract the mandible

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18
Q

Masseter - PA & DA

A

PA:
Zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch

DA:
angle and lateral side of ramus of the mandible

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19
Q

Masseter - N/S & Action

A

N/S:
CN V3 mandibular br. of trigeminal nerve

Action:
elevated mandible, assists in protusion

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20
Q

Lateral Pterygoid - PA & DA

A

PA:
greater wing of sphenoid, lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate

DA:
Neck of mandibular br. of trigeminal nerve

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21
Q

Lateral Pterygoid - N/S & Action

A

N/S:
CN V3 mandibular br. of trigeminal nerve

Action:
bilat - protrudes mandible, depress chin
unilat - moves jaw to contralateral side

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22
Q

Medial Pterygoid - PA & DA

A

PA:
medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate, palatine & maxillary bone

DA:
medial surface of the mandibular ramus

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23
Q

Medial Pterygoid - N/S & Action

A

N/S:
CN V3 mandibular br. of trigeminal nerve

Action:
elevates mandible and assists in protrusion
unilat - produces grinding movements

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24
Q

Sternocleidomastoid - IA & SA

A

IA:
Sternal head - manubrium
Clavicular head - medial 1/3 of the clavicle

SA:
Mastoid process of the temporal bone

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25
Q

Sternocleidomastoid - N/S & Action

A

N/S:
Accessory nerve: CN XI (motor) and spinal nerves C2/3 (pain and proprioception

Action:
Bilat - anterior translation of the head
unilat - ipsilateral sidebending, contralateral rotation

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26
Q

Trapezius - PA & DA

A

PA:
medial 1/3 sup nuchal line, EOP, nuchal ligament, SPs of C7-T12 vertebrae

DA:
Lat 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula

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27
Q

Trapezius - N/S & Action

A

N/S:
Spinal accessory nerve CN XI (motor)
C3/4 spinal nerves (sensory, pain and proprioception

Action
Sup: Elevates scap.
Mid: Retracts scap
Low: Depresses Scap

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28
Q

Which muscles are included in the Suprahyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid, Stylohyoid, Digastric

29
Q

Which muscles are included in the Infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid, Omohyoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid

30
Q

Mylohyoid - O & I

A

O: mandible
I: hyoid

31
Q

Geniohyoid muscles - O & I

A

O: hyoid
I: back of the chin

32
Q

Stylohyoid - O & I

A

O: Styloid process
I: hyoid

33
Q

Digastric - O & I

A

O: posterior belly - mastoid process, anterior belly - mandible
I: Hyoid

34
Q

Sternohyoid - O & I

A

O: sternum
I: hyoid

35
Q

Omohyoid - O&I

A

O: Scapula
I: hyoid

36
Q

Sternothyroid - O & I

A

O: Sternum
I: Thyroid cartilage

37
Q

Thyrohyoid - O & I

A

O: thyroid cartilage
I: hyoid

38
Q

Where are the prevertebral muscles located?

A

lie in the floor of the anterior and posterior triangles, under the prevertebral fascia

39
Q

Anterior muscles of the neck and main function

A

Longus colli
Longus capitis
Rectus capitis anterior
Anterior scalene

flexion of the head and neck

40
Q

Longus colli

A

long muscle of the neck

41
Q

Longus capitis

A

long muscle of the head, fibres are broad and thick superiorly and narrow inferiorly, fibres pass superiomedially

42
Q

Rectus capitis anterior

A

straight, attaching to the head, anterior

43
Q

Lateral muscles of the neck

A

Rectus capitis lateralis, splenius capitis, middle scalene, posterior scalene, levator scapulae

44
Q

Middle Scalenes - SA & IA & Action

A

SA:
Posterior tubercles of TPs of C5-C7
IA:
1st rib, posterior to the subclavian groove
Action:
Sidebending of neck, elevation of 1st rib during forced respiration

45
Q

Posterior Scalenes - SA, IA & Action

A

SA:
Posterior tubercles of Tps of C5-7
IA:
External border of 2nd rib
Action:
Sidebending of neck, elevation of 2nd rib during forced respiration

46
Q

Levator Scapulae - SA, IA & Action

A

SA:
Posterior tubercles of TPs C1-4 vertebrae
IA:
Medial border of the scapula, superior to the spine of the scapula
Action:
Elevates scapula and downwardly rotates it

47
Q

Suboccipital Triangle - Contents

A

suboccipital nerve
vertebral artery

48
Q

Suboccipital Triangle - Boundaries

A

Superomedial - rectus capitis posterior major
Superolateral - Obliquus capitis superior
Inferolateral - Obliquus capitis inferior

49
Q

Suboccipital triangle - roof and floor

A

Roof - Semispinalis capitis
Floor - Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and posterior arch of vertebra C1

50
Q

Which muscles are in the Superficial Group (extrinsic)

A

Latissimus Dorsi, Rhomboids, Lev Scap, Trapezius

51
Q

Which muscles are in the intermediate Group (extrinsic)

A

Serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior

52
Q

Which muscles are in the deep group (intrinsic) - Superficial

A

Splenius capitis, splenius cervicis

53
Q

Which muscles are in the deep group (intrinsic) - Intermediate

A

Erector Spinae - Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

54
Q

Which muscles are in the deep group (intrinsic) - deep

A

major: Rotatores, Multifidis, Semispinalis
minor: Interspinalis, Intertransversarii, levator costarum

55
Q

Latissimus Dorsi - PA & DA

A

PA: SP’s T7-T12, iliac crest, T/L Fascia
DA: Floor of bicipital groove

56
Q

Latissimus Dorsi - N/S & A

A

NS: thoracodorsal n (C6-8)
A: adduct, extend, IR humerus

57
Q

Rhomboid Major - PA & DA

A

PA: maj – T2-T5 SP’s; min – C7-T1 SP’s, nucal lig.
I: medial border scapula (minor above spine of scapula/major below spine of scapula)

58
Q

Rhomboid Major/Minor - N/S & A

A

NS: dorsal scapula (C4-5)
A: retraction of scapula

59
Q

Levator Scapulae - PA & DA

A

PA: C1-C4 TP’s
DA: superior angle of scap.

60
Q

Levator Scapulae - N/S & A

A

NS: dorsal scapula (C5)
A: Sup: Elevates scap.

61
Q

Trapezius - PA &DA

A

PA: C7-T12 SP’s, nuchal line & lig.
DA: lat 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scap.

62
Q

Trapezius - N/S & A

A

NS: M: CN 11 (acc.) + S: C3/4 spinal ns.
A: Sup: Elevates scap.; Mid: Retracts scap.; Low: Depresses Scap

63
Q

Serratus posterior superior

A
  • deep to rhomboids
  • thin
  • help with respiration
64
Q

Serratus posterior inferior

A
  • deep to latissimus dorsi
  • helps with respiration
65
Q

Splenius capitis & cervicis - N/S & A

A

N/S: posterior rami of spinal nerves
A: extends head & neck (bilat), lat flex & rotation (unilat)

66
Q

Erector Spinae - PA &DA

A

PA (common): posterior iliac crest, posterior sacrum, posterior median crest
DA: Spinalis - spinous process; Longissimus - transverse process, mastoid process; Iliocostalis: b/w ribs

67
Q

Erector Spinae - N/S & A

A

N/S: posterior rami of spinal nerves
A: extension of Tx/LX, ipsilateral sidebending

68
Q

Deep Group (intrinsic, major) - IA & SA & N/S & facts

A

IA: TP’s
SA: SP’s
- running from superficial to deep (rotatores 1-2, multifidis 2-4, semispinalis 4-6)
N/S: posterior rami of spinal nerves

69
Q

Deep group (intrinsic, minor) - N/S

A

all posterior rami of spinal nerves

Intertransversarii - anterior and posterior rami of spinal nerves

Second Year Osteopathy (9 decks)

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