muscles Flashcards
skeletal muscles
attach to bones and usually cross at least one joint
tendons
connect muscle to bone
ligaments
connect bone to bone
bursa
fluid-filled sac in the area of friction, such as where a tendon passes over a joint
origin
beginning. point of attachment of a muscle to a bone, usually the strongest end
insertion
end. the other point of attachment. muscles insert on bones or other muscles
head
tapered origin of the muscle
belly
fat part of the muscle with most of the contraction
intrinsic muscles
muscles that start and end in the same organ (ex: muscles of the hand)
extrinsic muscles
muscles that start in one organ and end in another (ex: muscles that start in the arm and end in the hand)
platysma muscle
large superficial muscle of the skin of the face and neck
orbicularis oris
closes the mouth
buccinator
in the cheek, for moving food around the mouth
levator nasolabialis, levator labii
raises the upper lip
orbicularis oculi
closes the eyes
auricular
moves the ear
masseter
closes the jaw; attaches from the zygomatic arch to the mandible
temporalis
closes the jaw; attaches from the temporal fossa to the coronoid process of the mandible
digastricus
opens the jaw; attaches from the medial aspect of the mandible to the skull
extrinsic muscles of the eye
dorsal rectus, medial rectus, ventral rectus, ventral oblique, dorsal oblique, retractor bulbi
muscles of the head and neck:
sternocephalicus, brachiocephalicus, sternohyoideus
muscles of the trunk:
trapezius (dorsolateral triangle)
latissimus dorsi (lateral chest)
diaphragm (internal)
pectorals (cranial ventral chest)
intercostal (btwn ribs)
vertebral (lateral to the spine)
what does the diaphragm separate
the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
what is the purpose of the diaphragm?
it is the main muscle of inspiration
abdominal muscles
external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, transversus abdominus, rectus abdominus
supraspinatus
extends the shouler
deltoideus
flexes the shoulder
infraspinatus
outward rotation, abduction, and extension/flexion of the shoulder
subscapularis
adducts and extends the shoulder
triceps brachii (caudal)
extends the elbow
biceps brachii (medial)
flexes the elbow and extends the shoulder
brachialis (lateral)
flexes the elbow
how does the brachialis differ from the biceps brachii?
biceps is medial and brachialis is deep and lateral
biceps femoris (lateral thigh)
extends the hip + flexes the stifle
caudal thigh - semimembranosus
extends hip and extends/flexes stifle
caudal thigh - semitendinosus
(aka hamstrings) extends hip, flexes stifle, extends hock
medial thigh contains:
sartorious and gracilis muscles along with the femoral artery and medial saphenous vein
quadriceps - anterior thigh
made up of four muscle bellies, extends the stifle, deep to the biceps femoris
gluteals
extends and abducts the hip
pectineus
adducts the hip
gastrocnemius
extends the hock
cranial tibialis
flexes the hock
digital flexors and extensors
muscles become tendons distally - extensors are anterior and flexors are posterior
patellar tendon
tendon of the quadriceps
