Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OCVAS > bones > Flashcards

bones Flashcards

1
Q

the functions of bones:

A

support, protection, locomotion, blood cell production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what can bones store?

A

calcium and phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

condyle

A

a rounded surface on the end of a bone at an articular surface such as the condyles of the distal femur and humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

foramen

A

an opening into a bone such as the obturator foramen of the pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

process

A

a bump or projection such as the cornoid or anconeal process of the ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

trochanter

A

a boney process such as the greater trochanter of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

tuber

A

a projection on the bone that forms a point such as the tuber ischii, tuber coxae, of the ilium, and tuber calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tubercle

A

a small raised projection such as the greater projection of the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tuberosity

A

a large projection such as the tibial tuberosity on the proximal tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the axial skeleton contains

A

skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

vertebral column consists of

A

cervical (7), thoracic (13-18), lumbar (7), and sacral (3) vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

13-18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many sacral vertebrae are there?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what animal has 18 ribs?

A

horse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the appendicular skeleton contain?

A

pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, anterior limb, posterior limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does the pectoral girdle include?

A

scapula and clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does the pelvic girdle include?

A

ilium, pubis, ischium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do the anterior limbs contain?

A

humerus, radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpals, phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what do the posterior limbs contain?

A

femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

function of long bones

A

enable locomotion by providing a means of attachment for the muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

red bone marrow exists mostly where?

A

in the long bones of adult animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

yellow bone marrow consists mostly of?

A

fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

examples of long bones include?

A

humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

epiphysis

A

the end of a long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

medullary cavity

A

contains the bone marrow where blood cells are formed (AKA marrow cavity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

diaphysis

A

the shaft of a long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

osteocyte

A

cell that produces bone from minerals in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

osteoblast

A

cell thta matures into an osteocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

osteoclast

A

cell that removes bones and causes minerals to go back into the circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

articular cartilage

A

the thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering both epiphyses of the long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

periosteum

A

a sheath of tough connective tissue covering the non-articular surface of all bones

the outer layer consists of blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves

the inner layer is composed of osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

why is the periosteum important?

A

it is essential for bone growth, repair, and nutrition - it is also a point of attachment for ligaments and tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

endosteum

A

lines the marrow cavity and in similar in structure to the periosteum, containing a layer of osteoblasts that line the cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

from the end of the horse’s foot upwards, what are the order of bones?

A

coffin bone -> navicular bone -> short pastern bone -> long pastern bone -> sesamoid bone -> cannon bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what bones does the avian leg consist of?

A

femur, tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus

38
Q

what bones does the avian wing consist of?

A

humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpus

39
Q

flat bones

A

are flat in shape with no medullary cavity

40
Q

each flat bone consists of two layers, which are?

A

hard compact bone covering spongy bone in the center

41
Q

what are examples of flat bones?

A

skull bones, ribs, scapula, pelvis

42
Q

bones of the pelvis are?

A

illium, ischium, pubis

43
Q

irregular bones

A

are irregular in shape, and consist of two layers; compact bone surrounding spongy bone

44
Q

examples of irregular bones are?

A

vertebrae: axis, mid-thoracic, lumbar

45
Q

what are all vertebral categories?

A

atlas, axis, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum

46
Q

what is the sternum of birds?

A

keel bone

47
Q

what are sesamoid bones?

A

bones that are formed IN tendons. they are smooth, small, and “free-floating”

48
Q

what is the purpose of sesamoid bones?

A

they alter the direction of muscle pull and reduce the amount of friction on the tendons

49
Q

examples of sesamoid bones?

A

patella, fabella

50
Q

short bones

A

compact bone enclosing spongy bone

has numerous surfaces

does not have a medullary cavity

51
Q

exampls of short bones?

A

carpals and tarsals

52
Q

what bones make up the hock joint?

A

the tarsus/tarsal bones

53
Q

what is the study of joints called?

A

arthrology

54
Q

define “joint”

A

the site where two or more pieces of bone or cartilage are connected

55
Q

do all joints allow movement?

A

no

56
Q

how is the scapula attached to the body?

A

a muscle attachment, not a joint

57
Q

what are the three types of joints?

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

58
Q

define fibrous joints

A

no joint cavity

usually immobile (fixed or little movement)

bones in these joints are connected by fibrous connective tissue

59
Q

examples of fibrous joints?

A

sacral-iliac joint and sutures of the skull

60
Q

cartilaginous joints are?

A

united by cartilage and the site where they join (symphysis)

no joint cavity

little or no movement

61
Q

symphysis

A

the site where two bones are closely joined

62
Q

examples of cartilaginous joints?

A

pelvic joint and mandibular joint

63
Q

synovial joints

A

known as “true” joints

allows greatest degree of movement

64
Q

what do synovial joints have?

A

a joint cavity, articular cartilage, articular surface, joint capsule, ligaments

65
Q

examples of synovial joints?

A

stifle joint, hock joint, elbow joint, hip joint

66
Q

synovial membrane

A

inside surface of joint capsule and produces synovial fluid

67
Q

synovial fluid is composed of?

A

hyaluronic acid and glycoproteins

68
Q

what does synovial fluid look like?

A

straw colored, slightly viscous

69
Q

what is the function of synovial fluid?

A

lubrication, provide nutrients for articular cartilage, remove waste products from the articular cartilage

70
Q

the bones of the skull include:

A

maxilla, frontal, nasal, incisive, zygomatic, palatine, parietal, temporal, occipital, mandible

71
Q

maxilla

A

the muzzle/upper jaw - forms the walls of the nasal passage and the roof of the mouth

72
Q

what does the maxilla contain?

A

upper canines, molars, premolars - and the maxillary sinus and infraorbital foramen

73
Q

what is the dental formula of the dog?

A

2 (incisor 3/3, canine 1/1, premolars 4/4, molars 2/3)

74
Q

dental formula of the cat?

A

2 (incisor 3/3, canine 1/1, premolars 3/2, molars 1/1)

75
Q

hypsodont

A

an animal with teeth that continue to grow

76
Q

wolf tooth (horse)

A

small canine tooth

77
Q

caps (horse)

A

retained deciduous teeth

78
Q

points (horse)

A

sharp ridges on the buccal surface of upper teeth and lingual surface of the lower teeth

79
Q

cup/enamel spot/dental star (horse)

A

terms for aging horses by the appearance of teeth

80
Q

mandible

A

the lower jaw that articulates with the temporal bone

81
Q

what does the mandible contain?

A

the ramus and coronoid processes - the lower incisors, canines, premolars, and molars - and the mandibular foramen (medial) and the mental foramina (rostral/lateral)

82
Q

hyoid apparatus

A

small bones that surround the larynx, located in the ventral neck just below the mandible and attaches the larynx to the temporal bone

83
Q

frontal bone

A

the forehead; contains the caudal portion of the boney orbit; frontal sinus

84
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses?

A

maxillary, frontal; ethmoidal, sphenoidal (deeper in the skull)

85
Q

palatine bone

A

makes up the caudal portion of the hard palate and attaches the caudal aspect of the right and left maxilla

86
Q

parietal

A

upper part of the back of the skull; immediately rostral to the occipital bone, and caudal to the frontal bone

87
Q

temporal bone

A

side of the head; contains the bulla of the inner ear; attaches to the caudal end of the zygomatic arch and forms the temporomandibular joint with the mandible

88
Q

occipital bone

A

back of the skull; contains a condyle that articulates with the atlas

89
Q

what does the occipital bone contain?

A

the nuchal crest, sagittal crest, and occipital protuberance

90
Q

foreman magnum

A

opening where the spinal cord exits the skull

91
Q

nasal bone

A

bridge of the nose that forms the roof of the nasal passage

92
Q

incisive bone

A

contains the incisor teeth and rostral hard palate (basically between the point of the nose and upper lip)

OCVAS (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions