Muscles Flashcards
Name the 2 muscles found in the hip flexor
Iliopsoas
Pectinels
Name the 4 muscles found in the quadriceps
Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Name the 4 muscles found in the hamstrings
Adductor magnus
Bicep femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Name the 2 muscles found in the gluteals
Gluteus medius
Gluteas maximus
Name the 3 muscles found below the knee
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis anterior
Name the 4 muscles found in the adductors
Tensor fasciae latae
Satorius
Adductor longus
Gracilis
Name the 2 wrist flexor muscles found in the wrist
Flexor carpi radius
Palmaris longus
Name the 3 muscles found in the wrist extensors
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
Which 2 muscles control pronation and supination and are found in the wrist
Supinator
Pronator
Name the 2 muscles found in the upper arm
Bicep brachii
Tricep brachii
Name all the upper body muscles (shoulder, chest, back)
Chest - Pectoralis major
- Pectoralis minor
Back - Erector spinae
- Trapezius
- Latissimus dorsi
- Infraspinatus
- Teres major
Shoulder - Posterior deltoid
- Anterior deltoid
Name the 4 muscles found in the trunk
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverus abdominis
What are the 3 types of muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
What are the 5 functions of the muscles
Movement
Support
Protection
Blood circulation
Heat generation
Define type 1A muscle fibres
Slow speed of contraction and high resistance to fatigue - aerobic
They are slow oxidative
Define type 2A muscle fibres
Have fast contractions and primarily use aerobic respiration.
They are fast oxidative
Define type 2B muscle fibres
Have fast contractions and primarily use anaerobic glycolysis
Fast glycolytic
Define oxidative capacity
The muscles ability/capacity to use the oxygen in the muscles
Define capillary density
Oxygen consumption in the maximal exercise is limited by the ability of the capillaries to deliver oxygen to the muscle therefore strongly dependant on capillary density
Define myoglobin content
Myoglobin facilitate oxygen diffusion; therefore, myoglobin is impacting the rate at which oxygen metabolism within the muscles.
Slow twitch = high myoglobin
Fast twitch = low myoglobin
Define resistance to fatigue
An exercise induced decline in the capability of the muscles to generate force and power
Define contraction time
How quickly the muscles/muscle fibres contract
Define type of exercise
The type of exercise e.g. aerobic or anaerobic
Define force production
A measure of explosive strength
Define glycolytic capacity
How quickly/efficiently glucose can be used within the muscles
Describe the process of the Sliding Filament theory
- The CNS sends an action potential down the neuron to the neuromuscular junction
- The neuromuscular junction secretes a fluid which is the neurotransmitter: acetylcholine
- The end plates of the neuromuscular junction depolarise
- Acetylcholine goes through the synaptic cleft
- The cell then depolarises and releases calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Calcium then binds to troponin to create tropomyosin which moves away from the actin forming a cross-bridge
- Adenosine triphosphate is broken down by the enzyme ATPase to make adenosine diphosphate.
- The energy released from the reaction is used to pull actin and myosin together causing a muscle contraction
Give 3 characteristics of smooth muscle
Not under conscious control
Non striated
Essential for the body working
Give 3 characteristics of cardiac muscle
Involuntary muscle
Striated in appearance
Muscle found in the walls of the heart
Give 3 characteristics of skeletal muscle
Voluntary as it takes a conscious thought
Striated in appearance
Makes up majority of muscles and creates body shape
