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Functional Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 muscles found in the hip flexor

A

Iliopsoas
Pectinels

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2
Q

Name the 4 muscles found in the quadriceps

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis

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3
Q

Name the 4 muscles found in the hamstrings

A

Adductor magnus
Bicep femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

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4
Q

Name the 2 muscles found in the gluteals

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteas maximus

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5
Q

Name the 3 muscles found below the knee

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis anterior

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6
Q

Name the 4 muscles found in the adductors

A

Tensor fasciae latae
Satorius
Adductor longus
Gracilis

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7
Q

Name the 2 wrist flexor muscles found in the wrist

A

Flexor carpi radius
Palmaris longus

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8
Q

Name the 3 muscles found in the wrist extensors

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum

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9
Q

Which 2 muscles control pronation and supination and are found in the wrist

A

Supinator
Pronator

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10
Q

Name the 2 muscles found in the upper arm

A

Bicep brachii
Tricep brachii

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11
Q

Name all the upper body muscles (shoulder, chest, back)

A

Chest - Pectoralis major
- Pectoralis minor

Back - Erector spinae
- Trapezius
- Latissimus dorsi
- Infraspinatus
- Teres major

Shoulder - Posterior deltoid
- Anterior deltoid

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12
Q

Name the 4 muscles found in the trunk

A

Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverus abdominis

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle

A

Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle

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14
Q

What are the 5 functions of the muscles

A

Movement
Support
Protection
Blood circulation
Heat generation

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15
Q

Define type 1A muscle fibres

A

Slow speed of contraction and high resistance to fatigue - aerobic

They are slow oxidative

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16
Q

Define type 2A muscle fibres

A

Have fast contractions and primarily use aerobic respiration.

They are fast oxidative

17
Q

Define type 2B muscle fibres

A

Have fast contractions and primarily use anaerobic glycolysis

Fast glycolytic

18
Q

Define oxidative capacity

A

The muscles ability/capacity to use the oxygen in the muscles

19
Q

Define capillary density

A

Oxygen consumption in the maximal exercise is limited by the ability of the capillaries to deliver oxygen to the muscle therefore strongly dependant on capillary density

20
Q

Define myoglobin content

A

Myoglobin facilitate oxygen diffusion; therefore, myoglobin is impacting the rate at which oxygen metabolism within the muscles.

Slow twitch = high myoglobin
Fast twitch = low myoglobin

21
Q

Define resistance to fatigue

A

An exercise induced decline in the capability of the muscles to generate force and power

22
Q

Define contraction time

A

How quickly the muscles/muscle fibres contract

23
Q

Define type of exercise

A

The type of exercise e.g. aerobic or anaerobic

24
Q

Define force production

A

A measure of explosive strength

25
Q

Define glycolytic capacity

A

How quickly/efficiently glucose can be used within the muscles

26
Q

Describe the process of the Sliding Filament theory

A
  1. The CNS sends an action potential down the neuron to the neuromuscular junction
  2. The neuromuscular junction secretes a fluid which is the neurotransmitter: acetylcholine
  3. The end plates of the neuromuscular junction depolarise
  4. Acetylcholine goes through the synaptic cleft
  5. The cell then depolarises and releases calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
  6. Calcium then binds to troponin to create tropomyosin which moves away from the actin forming a cross-bridge
  7. Adenosine triphosphate is broken down by the enzyme ATPase to make adenosine diphosphate.
  8. The energy released from the reaction is used to pull actin and myosin together causing a muscle contraction
27
Q

Give 3 characteristics of smooth muscle

A

Not under conscious control
Non striated
Essential for the body working

28
Q

Give 3 characteristics of cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary muscle
Striated in appearance
Muscle found in the walls of the heart

29
Q

Give 3 characteristics of skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary as it takes a conscious thought
Striated in appearance
Makes up majority of muscles and creates body shape

Functional Anatomy (6 decks)

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