Muscles

Question 1

What is a muscle?

Answer 1

A connective tissue that supports the function of your organs & organ systems

Question 2

Muscles are made of which two fibers?

Answer 2

Myosin (thicker)

Actin (thin)

Question 3

The two _____ types work together to produce ______ ___________ (all _______ force)

Answer 3

The two FIBER types work together to produce MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS (all PULLING force)

Question 4

How do muscles produce opposing forces?

Answer 4

Antagonistic muscle groups

Extension vs. Flexion

Question 5

What is the model of Muscle Function?

Answer 5

The Sliding Filament model

Question 6

Step one in Muscle Contraction

Answer 6

Impulse (from nervous system) arrives at the sarcomere “tells muscle to contract”

Question 7

Step two in Muscle Contraction

Answer 7

Ca2+ ions flood the sarcomere

Question 8

Step three in Muscle Contraction

Answer 8

Tropomyosin moves off the myosin binding sites on the actin, so the myosin heads grab actin & pull

Question 9

Step four in Muscle Contraction

Answer 9

ATP is used to get myosin to “let go” so it can bind & pull again

Question 10

When does muscle contractions stop?

Answer 10

When desired contraction is reached

Question 11

What dictatates the strength of muscle contraction?

Answer 11

The number of impulses

Question 12

Few impulses, far apart=

Answer 12

Weak contraction

Question 13

Many Impulses, close together=

Answer 13

Strong contraction

Question 14

What are the three muscle types?

Answer 14

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

Question 15

Characteristics of Skeletal muscle

Answer 15

Striated Muscle
Voluntary movement
Attached to bones/ ligaments etc.

Question 16

Characteristics of Smooth muscle

Answer 16

Flat appearance
Lines vessels & tubes of the body
    Bronchioles
    Intestines
    Arteries
Pushes material through rhythmic contraction (peristalsis)

Question 17

Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle

Answer 17

Branched
In the heart ONLY
Pumps blood to lungs and body

Question 18

What are the two sub-types of skeletal muscle?

Answer 18

Fast twitch

Slow twitch

Question 19

Fast Twitch Muscle

Answer 19

Type II myosin
Thicker
    Better able to grab and pull actin
More vascularized (blood vessels) to resource delivery 
Uses ATP quickly

Used during sprinting

Question 20

Slow Twitch Muscle

Answer 20

Type I myosin
Doesn’t grab actin as much or as quickly
Uses ATP slowly & efficiently

Used during endurance

Question 21

What is Myoglobin?

Answer 21

A dark red pigment
Protein with an iron group (heme)
Retains O2 (g)