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A & P > muscle tissues > Flashcards

muscle tissues Flashcards

1
Q

why are the tissues in the muscular system unique?

A

they are able to contract, producing movement

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2
Q

the muscular system provides what four things (JH PM)

A

stabilizes joints, generates heat, maintains posture, and provides movement

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3
Q

all muscle tissues have these four characteristics (ECEE)

A

excitability, contractibility, extensibility, and elasticity

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4
Q

skeletal muscle facts

A
  • connected to bones
  • cylindrical
  • striated
  • multi-nucleated
  • voluntary
  • contracts slow/very quickly
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5
Q

cardiac muscle facts

A
  • found in heart
  • branched
  • striated
  • uni-nucleated
  • involuntary
  • mostly slow and steady (unless exercising)
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6
Q

smooth muscle facts

A
  • found in walls of internal organs
  • arranged in uniform layers
  • non-striated
  • uni-nucleated
  • involuntary
  • slow over periods of long time
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7
Q

order of muscle from outter to inner

A

epimysium, muscle, perimysium, fascicle, endomysium, muscle fibers, myofibrils, myofilaments (actin and myosin)

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8
Q

muscle definition

A

skeletal muscle attached to bone by tendons made of many bundles of fibers

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9
Q

fascicle definition

A

bundles with in muscles

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10
Q

muscle fiber definition

A

long, thin muscle cells, each is covered by sarcoplasmic reticulum, which transmits impulses to muscle fibers

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11
Q

myofibril definition

A

thread-like organelles of the muscle fibers, structured in long, striated units called sarcomeres

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12
Q

myofilament definition

A

actin (thin) and myosin (thick) make up the sliding filament model of the muscle. Responsible for contracting activity of muscle fibers

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13
Q

what works together to produced a muscle contraction?

A

actin and myosin

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14
Q

where are actin and myosin attached to each other

A

z-line

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15
Q

what is the space between the z-lines called?

A

sarcomere

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16
Q

what is the line called that the actin and myosin pull the muscle fiber to called?

A

m-line

17
Q

sliding filament theory

A
  • nerve impulses are sent to muscle fibers to begin contraction
  • myosin filaments have rounded extensions called heads
  • these heads attach to the twisted actin filaments and pull on them
  • the z-lines get closer together and the sarcomere gets shorter
18
Q

where does the energy come from that fuels the sliding filament theory

A

atp

19
Q

each time a myosin filament engages with an actin filament, how many atp molecules are used?

A

1

20
Q

the contraction of muscles requires:

A

plenty of atp molecules

21
Q

muscles are either — or —

A
  • contracted or relaxed
  • the “gentleness” or “strength” of a muscle is determined by the number of fibers engaged
22
Q

atp is formed through?

A

cellular respiration

23
Q

the process of cellular respiration depends on…?

A

the presence of oxygen

24
Q

when muscles dont get enough atp they become…?

A

fatigued

25
Q

how do muscles become fatigued?

A

intense exercise, muscle fatigue (ATP is no longer being efficiently used), anaerobic respiration (muscles begin to burn, causing you to stop), and oxygen debt

26
Q

what are some of the criteria to name muscles?

A

size, shape, location, orientation, origin and insertion, number of origins (heads) on muscles, function

27
Q

muscles are attached to bones by …?

A

tendons

28
Q

origin

A

attachment of the tendon to the more stationary bone

29
Q

insertion

A

attachment of the tendon to the more movable bone

30
Q

belly

A

middle of the bone

31
Q

muscles work in pairs

A

prime mover and antagonists

32
Q

prime mover

A

muscle doing the action (contracting)

33
Q

synergists

A

muscles that help in that same direction

34
Q

antagonist

A

opposing muscle relaxing during motion

A & P (10 decks)

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