Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A & P > endocrine system > Flashcards

endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

what are hormones

A

chemicals released from one part of the body and carried through the bloodstream to affect another part of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hormones are released in — quantities and are very —.

A

small; specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how do hormones know which cells to affect?

A

target cells have receptors for specific hormones. if the hormones contact cells without these target cells, they will have no effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

two types of hormones

A
  • water soluble (non-steroid/amino acid)
  • lipid soluble (steroids)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

water soluble (non-steroid/amino acid)

A
  • bind to receptors on the outside of the target cell, which activates a 2nd messenger to mediate the response to the target cell
  • not able to pass through membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lipid soluble (steroids)

A
  • can pass directly through target cell membrane forming a hormone receptor-complex, which alters the actions of the cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

three ways to activate glands

A

hormonal stimuli, humoral stimuli, neural stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hormonal stimuli

A

glands are encouraged by hormones secreted by other cells (hypothalamus stimulates pituitary gland)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

humoral stimuli

A

levels of nutrients and ions in the blood can cause glands to secrete hormones (blood-calcium levels stimulate parathyroid glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

neural stimuli

A

nerve impulses cause glands to secrete hormones (sympathetic NS during stress causes release of epinephrine from adrenal glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pituitary gland

A
  • small bulb on the underside of the brain
  • has two lobes: anterior and posterior pituitary glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

growth hormone

A

stimulates growth in bones and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

anterior pituitary gland

A

GMPLAFT
- Growth hormone
- Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
- Prolactin
- Luteinizing hormone
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- Follicle-stimulating hormone
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

A

stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prolactin

A

stimulates breast milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Luteinizing hormone

A

stimulates release of sex hormones

17
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

stimulates adrenal glands

18
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone

A

stimulates egg/sperm production

19
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

causes thyroid to produce thyroxin

20
Q

why is the pituitary gland called the master gland?

A

it controls many other glands in the body

21
Q

posterior pituitary gland

A
  • Antidiuretic hormone
  • Oxytocin
22
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

(ADH or vasopressin) increases water retention in kidneys, decreasing urine production

23
Q

oxytocin

A

stimulates contraction of uterus during childbirth and promotes release of breast milk

24
Q

hypothalamus

A
  • located right above the pituitary gland and is about the size of an almond
  • main function is to control the pituitary gland by hormonal and neural stimulation
    –> CCCRRR
    —> control of brain stem and spinal cord
    —> controls thirst
    —> center of emotional response
    —> regulation of food intake
    —> regulation of body temp
    —> regulates sleep and wake cycles
25
Q

pineal gland

A
  • tiny, cone-shaped gland near the cerebellum
  • main secretion of the pineal gland is melatonin, which regulates sleep and wake cycle
26
Q

thyroid gland

A
  • located at the base of the neck
  • two distinctive halves resulting in a butterfly shape
  • calcitonin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine are released
    –> calcitonin: reduce Ca+ levels in blood
    –> thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3): regulate metabolism and body heat production
27
Q

parathyroid gland

A
  • attached to the back of the thyroid
  • produce PTH which brings Ca+ out of bones and into the bloodstream
28
Q

adrenal glands

A
  • sit atop of each kidney
  • outer layer: adrenal cortex
    –> secretes glucocorticoids: regulate ion levels for quick energy (cortisol and aldosterone)
  • inner layer: adrenal medulla
    –> secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine: regulates the fight or flight to emergency situations (high heart rate, blood pressure, blood flow, etc)
29
Q

pancreas

A
  • the endocrine part of the pancreas is made of groups of cells called the islets of Langerhans that look like tiny islands, they produce insulin and glugagon
  • pancreas –> beta cells –> insulin –> lower blood glucose levels
  • pancreas –> alpha cells –> glucagon –> raise blood glucose levels
30
Q

thymus

A
  • small gland found near the sternum
  • produces thymopoietin, thymic factor, and thymosin, which is involved in the development of the immune system
31
Q

gonads

A

reproductive organs that produce sex cells and secrete sex hormones
–> females: ovaries
—> estrogen: maturation of reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics
—> progesterone: breast development and control of menstrual cycle
–> males: testes
—> testosterone: same as estrogen, and produces sperm

32
Q
A

A & P (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions