Muscle testing and Goni

Question 1

Abnormal end-feels

Answer 1

Empty: cannot reach the end-feel usually due to pain
•joint inflammation
•fracture
•bursitis

Firm:
•increased tone
•tightening of the capsule
•ligament shortening

Hard
•fracture
•OA
•Osteophyte

Soft
•edema
• synovitis
•ligament instability/tear

Question 2

Manual muscle testing grades

Answer 2

0/5 absent: no palpable or visible muscular contraction
1/5 trace: palpable or visible contraction but no movement
2-/5 poor minus: partial AROM GL
2/5 poor: full AROM GL
2+/6 poor plus: full AROM GL with resistance (resistance < that of gravity) (definition in book= pt is able to initiate movement AG)
3-/5 fair minus: partial AROM AG
3/5 fair: full AROM AG
3+/5 fair plus: full AROM AG with 1%-24% resistance
4-/5 good minus: full AROM AG with 25%-49% resistance
4/5 good: full AROM AG with 50%-74% resistance
4+/5 good plus: full AROM AG with 75%-99% resistance
5 normal: Full strength AROM AG against max resistance

Question 3

Muscle insufficiency

Answer 3

muscular contraction that is less than optimal due to an extremely lengthened or shortened position of the muscle.

Question 4

Active insufficiency

Answer 4

When a two-joint muscle is incapable of shortening to the extent required to produce full ROM at all joints crossed simultaneously

Question 5

Passive insufficiency

Answer 5

when a two-joint muscle cannot lengthen to the extent required to allow full ROM of all joints crossed

Question 6

Shoulder- Normal ROM

Answer 6

GH flexion: 0-106 firm 
GH extension: 0-20 firm 
shoulder complex flexion: 0-180 firm 
shoulder complex extension: 0-60 firm
GH abduction: 0-129 firm 
Shoulder complex abduction: 0-180 firm 
GH IR: 0-49 firm 
GH ER: 0-90 firm
shoulder complex IR: 0-70 firm 
shoulder complex ER: 0-90 firm

Question 7

Elbow and Radioulnar- Normal ROM

Answer 7

Elbow flexion: 0-150 soft
*if a pt has hypermobility in their elbow with 2° of hyperextension and 150° of elbow flexion then you would record this measurement as 2-0-150
RU pronation: 0-80 hard/firm
RU supination: 0-80 firm

Question 8

Wrist- Normal ROM

Answer 8

Wrist flexion: 0-80 firm
Wrist extension: 0-70 firm/hard
Wrist radial deviation: 0-20 hard/firm
Wrist ulnar deviation: 0-30 firm

Question 9

Hip- Normal ROM

Answer 9

Hip flexion: 0-120 soft
Hip extension: 0-20 firm 
Hip IR: 0-45 firm
Hip ER: 0-45 firm
Hip adduction: 0-20 firm 
Hip abduction:  0-40 firm

Question 10

Knee- Normal ROM

Answer 10

Knee flexion: 0-150 soft
*if a pt has hypermobility in their elbow with 2° of hyperextension and 150° of elbow flexion then you would record this measurement as 2-0-150

Question 11

Talocrural- Normal ROM

Answer 11

Talocrural DF: 0-20 firm

Talocrural PF: 0-50 firm

Question 12

Subtalar- Normal ROM

Answer 12

Subtalar IN: 0-5 firm
Subtalar EV: 0-5 firm/hard
Ankle complex IN: 0-35 firm
Ankle complex EV: 0-15 firm/hard

Question 13

Cervical spine- Normal ROM

Answer 13

Flexion: 0-45
Extension: 0-45
Lateral flexion: 0-45
Rotation: 60

Question 14

Thoracic and Lumbar spine

Answer 14

Flexion: 0-80
Extension: 0-25
Lateral flexion: 0-35
Rotation: 0-45

Question 15

study goni chart

Answer 15

purple notebook