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PHARM 110 midterm 1 > Muscle system > Flashcards

Muscle system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the movements of coronal plane

A

Abduction, adduction

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2
Q

What are the movements of sagital plane

A

Flexion, extension

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3
Q

Where are antagonists located, what do they do

A

opposite sides of joint, reverses a movement

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4
Q

Lever system equation

A

Effort (force) x length of effort am (distance) = load (resistance) x length of load arm (distance)

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5
Q

What is mechanical advantage

A

Load is close to fulcrum (lever), effort is far, (power lever)

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6
Q

What is mechanical disadvantage

A

load is far from fulcrum, effort close (speed lever)

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7
Q

Describe a key aspect in a third-class lever

A

Effort in the middle

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8
Q

Describe a key aspect in a third-class lever

A

Effort in the middle

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9
Q

What are the happy (smiling) muscles

A

Levator labii superioris, Zygomaticus, Risorius

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10
Q

What are the sad muscles

A

Mentalis, Depressor labii inferious, depressor anguli oris

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11
Q

What are the mad muscles

A

Corrugator supercilli

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12
Q

Muscle of the face (no class)

A

Orbicularis oculi & oris, platysma

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13
Q

What muscles are responsible for mastication

A

Temporalis, masseter, pterygoids, buccinator

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14
Q

What are prime movers of jaw closure

A

Temporalis & masseter

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15
Q

Which muscle is involved in grinding movements & protraction

A

pterygoids

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16
Q

Which muscle has a chewing role

A

buccinator

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17
Q

What are the tongue muscles

A

Genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus

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18
Q

What do the suprahyoid muscles do

A

elevates hyoid bone to move larynx during swallowing

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19
Q

What do the infrahyoid muscles do

A

Depresses hyoid bone & larynx during swallowing and speaking

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20
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles

A

geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid (GSDM)

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21
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles

A

Thyrohyoid, Omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid

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22
Q

What does the ligamentum nuchae do

A

Extends from occipital bone & cervical vertebrae and inhibits excessive head and neck movement

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23
Q

What are the 3 parts of Erector spinae

A

Spinalis (medial), longissimus (int.), iliocostalis (lateral)

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24
Q

What does the erector spinae do

A

During full flexion (touching finger tips to floor) the erector spinae’s are relaxed. When reversing the movement, muscle is initally inactive, and the extension is initiated by hamstring muscles & gluteus muscles

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25
How many heads does sternocleidomastoid have
2
26
What does the quadratus lumborum do
Forced inspiration
27
What muscles do Inspiration include
Diaphragm and external intercostals; diaphragm divides thoracic and abdominal cavities
28
What do external intercostals do and insert where
Elevates rib cage, more outwards back
29
What does contraction of the deep thorax muscles produce
Inspiration
30
What is the PM of inspiration
Diaphragm
31
What do internal intercoastals do? and insert where?
Depresses rib cage FORCED EXPIRATION, and insert more inward front
32
What are the 4 abdominal muscles in order of layers (most superficial to least). What directions do the obliques face?
Rectus abdominis, external obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominis
33
What are the 3 types of muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum
Pelvic diaphragm, urogenital diaphragm, superficial perineal space
34
Muscles involved in the pelvic diaphragm?
Levator ani, coccygeus
35
Muscles involved in the urogenital diaphragm
Deep transversal perineal muscle, external urethral + anal sphincter
36
Muscles involved in the superficial perineal space
Ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, superficial transerve perineal muscles
37
What are the anterior muscles of the thorax
Pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius (behind the clavicle)
38
What are the posterior thorax muscles
Trapezius, levator scapulae, minor + major rhomboids
39
What are the set of bones that connect arms to appendicular skeleton
Shoulder girdle (clavicle) and pectoral girdle (scapula)
40
What are the 3 muscles involved of movement of arm (humerus)
Pectoralis major, deltoid, latissimus dorsi
41
What is the PM of latissimus dorsi
Shoulder extension and adduction
42
What is the PM of deltoid (3 parts, 3 PM)
Shoulder abduction, flexion, extension
43
What is the PM of pectoralis major (pec deck)
Shoulder adduction
44
What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
45
What 2 muscles act as synergists to the rotator cuffs
Teres major, corachobrachialis
46
What divides arm into 2 the anterior and posterior muscles
Walls of Fascia
47
What is the PM of subscapularis
Shoulder medial rotation
48
What 2 muscles are involved with shoulder lateral rotation
Infraspinatus, teres minor
49
What is the PM of triceps brachii
Elbow extension
50
Where do the anterior forearm muscles insert, originate and PM of
Insert: flexor retinaculum Origin: MEH (medial epicondyle of humerus) PM: wrist flexion
51
Where do the posterior forearm muscles insert, originate and PM of
Insert: extensor retinaculum Origin: LEH (lateral epicondyle of humerus) PM: wrist extension (PM of E digitorum: fingers extension, abducts)
52
What are the 5 anterior superficial forearm muscles
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis (FunPeopleFlipFforPleasure)
53
What are the 3 anterior deep forearm muscles
Pronator quadratus (PM), Flexor pollicis longus, Flexor digitorum profundus (PlusFindFriends)
54
What are the 5 posterior superficial forearm muscles
Extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi (5 examinors)
55
What are the 5 posterior deep muscles of the forearm (EarnedExtraEggRollsAfterSchool)
Extensor pollicis longus + brevis, Extensor indicis, abductor pollicis longus, Supinator
56
What is the longest muscle in the body
Sartorius
57
Where can muscle insert
Bone, skin, (other muscles?)
58
What muscles are the 3X +1 thigh flexors?
Iliopsoas (Psoas major + iliacus) , Psoas minor, Sartorius P minor IP S
59
What are the other 2 muscles in the posterior forearm
Anconeus, Brachioradialis (After, Breaks)
60
What are the 8 thigh extensors
G max,med,min , OI (obturator internus) + OE (obturator externus), piriformis, Gemellus (Sup + inf) G max,med min OI + OE Piri Gem (S & I)
61
What 2 muscles medially rotates thigh
G Med (intramuscular injections), G min (deepest)
62
PM of hip abduction
Gluteus medius
63
PM of Hip extension
Gluteus maximus
64
What does the quadratus femoris do
Rotates thigh laterally
65
What is the PM of hip/thigh flexion
iliopsoas
66
What are the 5 anterior muscles of quads (quadriceps femoris) and what action are they involved in, PM, and where do they all insert
Rectus femoris, VM VL VI (quadriceps femoris); + TFL (tensor fascia lata) Action: Knee extension Insert: patella, tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament) PM of knee extension: RF, VL, VM
67
What are the 3 hamstring muscles of thighs, PM of what action
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus PM: Knee flexion, Hip/thigh extension
68
What are the 5 medial muscles of the thigh and their PM action
Adductor magnus + longus + brevis, gracilis, pectineus PM: Hip/thigh adduction, medial rotation
69
What are the 4 anterior muscles of the leg
Tibialis anterior, Extensor digitorum longus + hallicus, fibularis tertius
70
What is the PM action of tibialis anterior
Ankle dorsiflexion
71
What muscle is the PM for toe extension
Extensor digitorum longus
72
What muscles is the PM for plantar flexion
Gastrocnemius, soleus
73
What are the 2 lateral components of legs
Fibularis longus + brevis - helps with plantar flexion
74
What are the 3 superficial posterior leg muscles
Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
75
What are the 4 deep posterior leg muscles
Popliteus, flexor digitorum longus + hallucis, tibialis posterior
76
What is the PM of foot inversion
Tibialis posterior
77
What fascicle arrangement is orbicularis oris
circular
78
What muscle has a convergent fascicle type
pectoralis major
79
What fascicle arrangement is the deltoid
multipennate
80
What fascicle arrangement is sartorius
parallel
81
What muscle has the fascicle arrangement of bipennate
rectus femoris
82
What muscle has a fusiform fascicle type
biceps brachii
83
What muscle has a unipennate fascicle type
extensor digitorum longus

PHARM 110 midterm 1 (5 decks)

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