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PHARM 110 midterm 1 > Muscle system > Flashcards

Muscle system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the movements of coronal plane

A

Abduction, adduction

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2
Q

What are the movements of sagital plane

A

Flexion, extension

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3
Q

Where are antagonists located, what do they do

A

opposite sides of joint, reverses a movement

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4
Q

Lever system equation

A

Effort (force) x length of effort am (distance) = load (resistance) x length of load arm (distance)

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5
Q

What is mechanical advantage

A

Load is close to fulcrum (lever), effort is far, (power lever)

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6
Q

What is mechanical disadvantage

A

load is far from fulcrum, effort close (speed lever)

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7
Q

Describe a key aspect in a third-class lever

A

Effort in the middle

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8
Q

Describe a key aspect in a third-class lever

A

Effort in the middle

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9
Q

What are the happy (smiling) muscles

A

Levator labii superioris, Zygomaticus, Risorius

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10
Q

What are the sad muscles

A

Mentalis, Depressor labii inferious, depressor anguli oris

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11
Q

What are the mad muscles

A

Corrugator supercilli

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12
Q

Muscle of the face (no class)

A

Orbicularis oculi & oris, platysma

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13
Q

What muscles are responsible for mastication

A

Temporalis, masseter, pterygoids, buccinator

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14
Q

What are prime movers of jaw closure

A

Temporalis & masseter

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15
Q

Which muscle is involved in grinding movements & protraction

A

pterygoids

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16
Q

Which muscle has a chewing role

A

buccinator

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17
Q

What are the tongue muscles

A

Genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus

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18
Q

What do the suprahyoid muscles do

A

elevates hyoid bone to move larynx during swallowing

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19
Q

What do the infrahyoid muscles do

A

Depresses hyoid bone & larynx during swallowing and speaking

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20
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles

A

geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid (GSDM)

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21
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles

A

Thyrohyoid, Omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid

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22
Q

What does the ligamentum nuchae do

A

Extends from occipital bone & cervical vertebrae and inhibits excessive head and neck movement

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23
Q

What are the 3 parts of Erector spinae

A

Spinalis (medial), longissimus (int.), iliocostalis (lateral)

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24
Q

What does the erector spinae do

A

During full flexion (touching finger tips to floor) the erector spinae’s are relaxed. When reversing the movement, muscle is initally inactive, and the extension is initiated by hamstring muscles & gluteus muscles

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25
Q

How many heads does sternocleidomastoid have

A

2

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26
Q

What does the quadratus lumborum do

A

Forced inspiration

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27
Q

What muscles do Inspiration include

A

Diaphragm and external intercostals; diaphragm divides thoracic and abdominal cavities

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28
Q

What do external intercostals do and insert where

A

Elevates rib cage, more outwards back

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29
Q

What does contraction of the deep thorax muscles produce

A

Inspiration

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30
Q

What is the PM of inspiration

A

Diaphragm

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31
Q

What do internal intercoastals do? and insert where?

A

Depresses rib cage FORCED EXPIRATION, and insert more inward front

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32
Q

What are the 4 abdominal muscles in order of layers (most superficial to least). What directions do the obliques face?

A

Rectus abdominis, external obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominis

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33
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum

A

Pelvic diaphragm, urogenital diaphragm, superficial perineal space

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34
Q

Muscles involved in the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani, coccygeus

35
Q

Muscles involved in the urogenital diaphragm

A

Deep transversal perineal muscle, external urethral + anal sphincter

36
Q

Muscles involved in the superficial perineal space

A

Ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, superficial transerve perineal muscles

37
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the thorax

A

Pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius (behind the clavicle)

38
Q

What are the posterior thorax muscles

A

Trapezius, levator scapulae, minor + major rhomboids

39
Q

What are the set of bones that connect arms to appendicular skeleton

A

Shoulder girdle (clavicle) and pectoral girdle (scapula)

40
Q

What are the 3 muscles involved of movement of arm (humerus)

A

Pectoralis major, deltoid, latissimus dorsi

41
Q

What is the PM of latissimus dorsi

A

Shoulder extension and adduction

42
Q

What is the PM of deltoid (3 parts, 3 PM)

A

Shoulder abduction, flexion, extension

43
Q

What is the PM of pectoralis major (pec deck)

A

Shoulder adduction

44
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

45
Q

What 2 muscles act as synergists to the rotator cuffs

A

Teres major, corachobrachialis

46
Q

What divides arm into 2 the anterior and posterior muscles

A

Walls of Fascia

47
Q

What is the PM of subscapularis

A

Shoulder medial rotation

48
Q

What 2 muscles are involved with shoulder lateral rotation

A

Infraspinatus, teres minor

49
Q

What is the PM of triceps brachii

A

Elbow extension

50
Q

Where do the anterior forearm muscles insert, originate and PM of

A

Insert: flexor retinaculum
Origin: MEH (medial epicondyle of humerus)
PM: wrist flexion

51
Q

Where do the posterior forearm muscles insert, originate and PM of

A

Insert: extensor retinaculum
Origin: LEH (lateral epicondyle of humerus)
PM: wrist extension

(PM of E digitorum: fingers extension, abducts)

52
Q

What are the 5 anterior superficial forearm muscles

A

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis

(FunPeopleFlipFforPleasure)

53
Q

What are the 3 anterior deep forearm muscles

A

Pronator quadratus (PM), Flexor pollicis longus, Flexor digitorum profundus

(PlusFindFriends)

54
Q

What are the 5 posterior superficial forearm muscles

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi

(5 examinors)

55
Q

What are the 5 posterior deep muscles of the forearm
(EarnedExtraEggRollsAfterSchool)

A

Extensor pollicis longus + brevis, Extensor indicis, abductor pollicis longus, Supinator

56
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body

A

Sartorius

57
Q

Where can muscle insert

A

Bone, skin, (other muscles?)

58
Q

What muscles are the 3X +1 thigh flexors?

A

Iliopsoas (Psoas major + iliacus) , Psoas minor, Sartorius

P minor
IP
S

59
Q

What are the other 2 muscles in the posterior forearm

A

Anconeus, Brachioradialis

(After, Breaks)

60
Q

What are the 8 thigh extensors

A

G max,med,min , OI (obturator internus) + OE (obturator externus), piriformis, Gemellus (Sup + inf)

G max,med min
OI + OE
Piri
Gem (S & I)

61
Q

What 2 muscles medially rotates thigh

A

G Med (intramuscular injections), G min (deepest)

62
Q

PM of hip abduction

A

Gluteus medius

63
Q

PM of Hip extension

A

Gluteus maximus

64
Q

What does the quadratus femoris do

A

Rotates thigh laterally

65
Q

What is the PM of hip/thigh flexion

A

iliopsoas

66
Q

What are the 5 anterior muscles of quads (quadriceps femoris) and what action are they involved in, PM, and where do they all insert

A

Rectus femoris, VM VL VI (quadriceps femoris); + TFL (tensor fascia lata)

Action: Knee extension
Insert: patella, tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament)

PM of knee extension: RF, VL, VM

67
Q

What are the 3 hamstring muscles of thighs, PM of what action

A

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

PM: Knee flexion, Hip/thigh extension

68
Q

What are the 5 medial muscles of the thigh and their PM action

A

Adductor magnus + longus + brevis, gracilis, pectineus

PM: Hip/thigh adduction, medial rotation

69
Q

What are the 4 anterior muscles of the leg

A

Tibialis anterior, Extensor digitorum longus + hallicus, fibularis tertius

70
Q

What is the PM action of tibialis anterior

A

Ankle dorsiflexion

71
Q

What muscle is the PM for toe extension

A

Extensor digitorum longus

72
Q

What muscles is the PM for plantar flexion

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus

73
Q

What are the 2 lateral components of legs

A

Fibularis longus + brevis

  • helps with plantar flexion
74
Q

What are the 3 superficial posterior leg muscles

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

75
Q

What are the 4 deep posterior leg muscles

A

Popliteus, flexor digitorum longus + hallucis, tibialis posterior

76
Q

What is the PM of foot inversion

A

Tibialis posterior

77
Q

What fascicle arrangement is orbicularis oris

A

circular

78
Q

What muscle has a convergent fascicle type

A

pectoralis major

79
Q

What fascicle arrangement is the deltoid

A

multipennate

80
Q

What fascicle arrangement is sartorius

A

parallel

81
Q

What muscle has the fascicle arrangement of bipennate

A

rectus femoris

82
Q

What muscle has a fusiform fascicle type

A

biceps brachii

83
Q

What muscle has a unipennate fascicle type

A

extensor digitorum longus

PHARM 110 midterm 1 (5 decks)

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