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PHARM 110 midterm 1 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is part of the dorsal body cavity

A

nervous system
Cranial + vertebral cavity

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2
Q

What is part of the ventral body cavity

A

internal organs
Abdominal, thoracic, pelvic cavity

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3
Q

What does parietal serosa cover

A

lines cavity walls (outer)

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4
Q

What does visceral serosa cover

A

covers organs (inner)

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5
Q

What cavities are not exposed to environment

A

Synovial cavities

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6
Q

Which phospholipids are on the INNER plasma membrane

A

PI, PE, PS

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7
Q

Which phospholipid is on the OUTER plasma membrane

A

PC

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8
Q

where can glycolipids be found

A

only on outer memrbane

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9
Q

Which phospholipids do flippases concentrate

A

inner
PE, PS

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10
Q

which phospholipids do scramblases concentrate

A

outer
PC & sphingolipid

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11
Q

What are the 6 functions of membrane proteins

A

transport
enzymatic activity
Receptors for signal transduction
Intracellular adhesion
Cell-cell adhesion
Attachment to cytoskeleton and EC matrix

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12
Q

What do ANCHORING junctions (desmosomes) do? what provides strength between the cells?
What helps the junctions inside the cell?

A
  • mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions
  • linked to cytoskeleton to transmit and distribute stress (skin & heart muscle)
  • cadherins
  • tonofilaments, adhesion plaque
  • intermediate filaments
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13
Q

What do occluding junctions (tight) do? What helps the tight junctions stay in place?

A
  • impermeable junction to form seals between epithelial cells (eg. intestinal wall for bacteria)
  • Actin filaments
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14
Q

What do gap junctions do? is it hydrophobic/hydrophillic

A

allow diffusion of small molecules (ATP)
and for cell-cell communication

  • hydrophilic channel
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15
Q

What is signal-relaying junction

A

transmit signals ex. synapses

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16
Q

What is passive transport? which type of diffusions are associated

A

Transport from high to low conc. with no energy

-simple diffusion
- facilitated diffusion
- carrier-mediated
- Channel-mediated
- Osmosis

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17
Q

What types of molecules diffuse in simple diffusion

A

non-polar and lipid- soluble subs. (hydrophobic)
- Ex. O2, CO2, fat soluble vitamens

18
Q

what happens in facilitated diffusion? what are the 2 types and differences

A

Carrier-mediated: glucose, AA binds to carrier proteins (hydrophilic) for a conformational change; lipid insoluble

Channel-mediated: only lets ions through

19
Q

How does osmosis work

A

WATER moves from high solute conc. to low solute conc.
- semipermeable; can go through aquaporin (channel protein) or through lipid bilayer

20
Q

What is an isotonic solution mean and what effect on the cell

A

Solution with the same conc. as cytosol
(no effect)

21
Q

What is an hypertonic solution mean and what effect on the cell

A

solutions with greater conc. outside the cell
- water leaves the cell and cell shrinks

22
Q

What is an hypotonic solution mean and what effect on the cell

A

solutions with less conc. outside cell
- water comes in the cell and cell swells

23
Q

What is a symport system; antiport?

A

symport: 2 substances move across the membrane in SAME direction

Antiport: move in opposite direction

24
Q

Differences between primary active transport and secondary active

A

Primary: direct transport by hydrolysis of ATP causing conformational change
- 3 NA+ out, 2K+ in

Secondary: indirect; uses gradient from primary to transport glucose or AA

25
Q

Steps of exocytosis

(TheDucksPraiseTheFountain)

A

Targeting: V-snare goes to T-snare for identification
Docking
Priming: ATP
Triggering:
Fusion:

26
Q

Endocytosis: Phagocytosis bacteria

A

Actin: protein that opens up membrane
Microtubule depolymerization: help remodel the membrane after entry

27
Q

Non-clathrin- coated vesicles COP1 COP2

A

COP1: goes in (back to ER)
COP2: goes out (to golgi)

28
Q

What do caveolin do

A

helps with membrane invagination

29
Q

What type of active process
- neurotransmitter secretion
- white blood cell
- hormone and cholesterol uptake
- cholesterol regulation
- intracellular trafficking of molecules

A
  1. Exocytosis
  2. Endocytosis- phagocytosis
  3. Receptor- mediated
  4. endocytosis via caveoli
  5. endo via coatomer vesicles
30
Q

How is membrane potential generated

A
  1. K+ diffuses down its gradient outside of the cell via leakage channels
  2. K+ also moves into the cell as they are attracted to the (-) charged inner membrane
  3. generates a -70mV
31
Q

Does Na+/K+ contribute to membrane potential?

A

no, only sets up gradients

32
Q

Difference between smooth and rough ER

A

Rough: manufactures all secreted proteins (ribosomes)
Smooth: looping network

33
Q

Steps of golgi apparatus modification & packaging

A
  1. transport vessels from ER with cis face
  2. pass through golgi to the trans face
  3. leave with trans face to designated parts of cell
34
Q

Where is lysosomes abundant in and what enzymes does it have. what happens if it bursts

A

abundant in phagocytes
contains digestive enzymes
- dangerous

35
Q

what does peroxisomes have and do

A

oxidase and catalases and it detoxifiys harmful substances

36
Q

Microfilaments purpose

A

shaping membrane with actin (organizing of tight jucntions)

37
Q

Intermediante filament

A

structural support (support adhesion for desmosomes)

38
Q

role of centrioles and structure

A

organize mitotic spindles
9 triplets of microtubules

39
Q

movement of flagella vs cilia

A

flagella: propeller motion
Cilia: back and forth (w dynein)
- moves mucus

40
Q

What is associated with mircovilli

A

actin filaments to increase SA of PM

PHARM 110 midterm 1 (5 decks)

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