Muscle states and Contractions

Question 1

What is the Agonist?

Answer 1

The contracting or shortening muscle (producing the most amount of force)

Question 2

What is the Antagonist?

Answer 2

The relaxing or lengthening muscle (producing the least amount of force)

Question 3

What does the synergist do?

Answer 3

Assist the agonist muscle

Question 4

Explain the difference between isotonic muscle contractions and isometric muscle contractions

Answer 4

Isotonic is either muscle shortening (concentric) or muscle lengthening (eccentric)

whereas isometric the contraction happens without a change in muscle length

Question 5

What molecule is used as fuel for muscle contractions

Answer 5

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 6

What are the 3 energy systems for muscle contraction

Answer 6

ATP-CP (creatine phosphate stored in muscle to produce ATP)

Anaerobic Glycolysis (uses glucose in the blood to produce ATP)

Aerobic System(carbohydrate/fat/protein used to produce ATP)

Question 7

Which out of the three energy systems require oxygen?

Answer 7

Aerobic

Question 8

Name some structural characteristics of smooth muscle

Answer 8

• Spindle-shaped, uninucleate cells
• Non-striated
• Under involuntary Control
• Less forceful, but sustained contractions
• Contain Dense bodies

Question 9

What functional difference does smooth muscle have over skeletal muscle with muscle contraction

Answer 9

Calmodulin - calcium binds to calmodulin allowing for myosin to bridge with actin

Question 10

In smooth muscle myosin performs a power stroke which causes what kind of contraction?

Answer 10

Spiraling contraction, filaments pulled closer to dense bodies of smooth muscle