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Anatomy and Physiology > Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Muscle Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the muscular system

A

Body movement

Maintenance of posture

Respiration

Production of body heat

Communication

Constriction of organs and vessels

Heartbeat and blood circulation

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2
Q

Four properties of muscle cells

A

Contract ability

Excitability

Extensibility

Elasticity

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3
Q

Contract ability

A

Ability to shorten

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4
Q

Excitability

A

Capacity to respond to stimulus (contracts)

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5
Q

Extensibility

A

Can be stretched Beyond normal resting length

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6
Q

Elasticity

A

Recoil after stretching

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7
Q

Three types of muscle cells

A

Smooth

Skeletal

Cardiac

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8
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Most widely distributed throughout the body greatest variety of functions

controlled by the nervous and endocrine system

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

40% of body weight

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10
Q

Muscle fiber

A

Multi peripheral nuclei

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11
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Enlargement of muscles which results from an increase in size of each muscle fiber not from a substantial increase in number of muscle fibers

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12
Q

Hyperplasia

A

the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells, often as an initial stage in the development of cancer. (Motosis)

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13
Q

Connective tissue layer surrounding muscle fibers

A 
External lamina 
endomysium 
perimysium 
epimysium
Fascia
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14
Q

Actin

A

Thin myofilament

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15
Q

Myosin

A

Thick myofilament

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16
Q

Myosin heads

A

Bind to active sites on actin molecules cross; Bridges

17
Q

ATPase

A

Enzyme that breaks down ATP releasing energy

18
Q

Sarcomere

A

Repeating working units within individual muscle fibers

19
Q

Z discs

A

At each end of sarcomere (acting attachment)

20
Q

I band

A

Either side of Z band to end of myosin filament

21
Q

A band

A

Length of myosin filament

22
Q

H Zone

A

In the center of a band no overlap and only myosin is present

23
Q

M line

A

Middle of H zone - filaments that attach to center of myosin myofilaments A and I bands of parallel myofibrils are aligned (striations)

24
Q

How many skeletal muscles are there?

A

640

25
Q

Muscles are activated by

A

Somatic nervous system

26
Q

3 supportive muscle sheeths

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

27
Q

What does the motor neuron release into the synapse when an action potential occurs?

A

Acetylcholine

28
Q

What happens when an action potential send acetylcholine into the muscle cell?

A

Sodium channels open and sodium rushes in

29
Q

When a neuron sends a signal to a muscle, the action potential zips across the…

A

Cell membrane (sarcolema)

30
Q

Sarcolema has…

A

T tubules

31
Q

T tubules activate…

A

Calcium channels

32
Q

Troponin live to bind with…

A

Calcium

Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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