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DITO LAHAT NG KINESHOLOGE > Muscle Physio > Flashcards

Muscle Physio Flashcards

1
Q

•Striated- a striped or banded pattern due to the arrangement of contractile proteins (actin and myosin) within the cells.

•Voluntary-This means that the contraction of skeletal muscles is under conscious control, meaning you can decide when to move them.

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

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2
Q

•Striated
•Involuntary
•Autorhythmicity-This is the unique ability of cardiac muscle to generate its own rhythmic electrical impulses, independent of external nerve stimulation

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

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3
Q

Involuntary

A

Smooth muscle tissue

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4
Q

ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals/action potentials

A

Electrical excitability

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5
Q

ability of muscular tissue to contract forcefully when stimulated.

A

Contractility

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6
Q

ability of muscular tissue to stretch within limits, without being damaged.

A

Extensibility

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7
Q

ability of muscular tissue to return to its original length and shape after contraction or extension.

A

Elasticity

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8
Q

main component of thin filaments

A

Actin

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9
Q

main component of thick filaments

A

Myosin

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10
Q

compenent of thin filament

A

Tropomyosin

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11
Q

component of thin filament

A

Troponin

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12
Q

has strong affinity to actin

A

Troponin I

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13
Q

has strong affinity to tropomyosin

A

Troponin T

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14
Q

has strong affinity to calcium

A

Troponin C

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15
Q

connects & aise to M mne of sarcomere

A

Titin

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16
Q

Helps stabilize thick filament

A

Titin

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17
Q

Accounts for the elasticity and extensibility of myofibrils

A
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18
Q

Accounts for the elasticity and extensibility of myofibrils

A

Titin

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19
Q

Prevents overstretching of the sarcomere

A

Titin

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20
Q

attaches to actin molecules of thin filaments and to titin molecules

A

A-actinin

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21
Q

forms M line of sarcomere

A

Myomesin

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22
Q

Binds to titin molecules and connects thick filaments to one another

A

Myomesin

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23
Q

wraps around entire length of each thin filament

A

Nebulin

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24
Q

Helps anchor thin filaments of Z discs and regulate length of thin filaments

A

Nebulin

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25
Q

links thin filaments of sarcomere to integral membrane proteins in sarcolemma

A

Dystrophin

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26
Q

Help reinforce sarcolemma and transmit tension generated by sarcomere to tendons

A

Dystrophin

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27
Q

separates one sarcomere from the next.

A

Z disc

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28
Q

dark, middle part of sarcomere that extends entire length of thick filaments; and those parts of thin filaments that overlap the thick

A

A band

29
Q

lighter, less dense area of sarcomere that contains the remainder of thin filaments but no thick filaments

A

I band

30
Q

narrow region in center of each A band

A

H zone

31
Q

region in center of H zone that contains proteins that hold thick filaments together

A

M line

32
Q

contain only actin filaments

A

Light bands/I bands

33
Q

WIDTH OF THE A BAND IS

A

Constant

34
Q

Z lines move _____

A

Closer together

35
Q

Lies between two successive Z discs

A

Sarcomere

36
Q

actin filaments completely overlap the

A

Myosin filaments

37
Q

The side-by-side relationship between the myosin and actin filaments is

A

Difficult to maintain

38
Q

This is achieved by a large number of filamentous molecules of a protein called

A

Titin

39
Q

is the repeating sequence of events that causes sliding of the filaments:

A

CONTRACTION CYCL

40
Q

the cross-bridge generates force as it swivels or rotates toward the center of the sarcomere

A

Power stroke

41
Q

myosin ATPase splits ATP and becomes energized

A

Splitting ATP

42
Q

the myosin head attaches to actin, forming a cross-bridge

A

Forming cross-bridges

43
Q

Nerve Resting Membrane Potential=

A

-70mV

44
Q

Threshold potential=

A

-55 mV

45
Q

Overshoot=

A

+30mV

46
Q

•Overshoot= +30mV
•Skeletal Muscle Resting Membrane Potential=

A

-90 mV

47
Q

Cardiac Muscle Resting Membrane Potential=

A

-80 mV

48
Q

When the muscle fiber contracts _______, the tension developed is proportional to the number of cross-bridges between the actin and the myosin molecules

A

Isometrically

49
Q

When muscle is _______, the overlap between actin and myosin is ______ and the number of cross-linkages is therefore reduced.

A

Stretched, reduced

50
Q

Conversely, when the muscle is _______ than resting length, the distance the thin filaments can move is _______.

A

Shorter,reduced

51
Q

The velocity of muscle contraction varies _______, with the load on the muscle

A

Inversely

52
Q

At a given load, the velocity is _______ at the resting length and declines if the muscle is shorter or longer than this length

A

Maximal

53
Q

Carries high-energy phosphate bond similar to the bonds of ATP

A

Phosphocreatine/ Anaerobic lactic system

54
Q

Release of ________ causes bonding of a new phosphate ion to ADP to reconstitute the ATP

A

Phospocreatine

55
Q

Doesn’t require oxygen to function and lactic because it doesn’t produce lactic acid.

A

Phospocreatine

56
Q

Used to reconstitute ATP and phosphocreatine

A

Glycolysis of glycogen

57
Q

Rapid enzymatic breakdown of the glycogen to ________ and l liberates energy that is used to convert ADP to ATP

A

Pyruvic, lactic acids

58
Q

The _____can then be used directly to energize additional muscle contraction and also to re-form the stores of phosphocreatine

A

ATP, glycolysis

59
Q

The contribution of the fast glycolytic system to energy production _______ rapidly after the initial ten seconds of intense exercise. This coincides with a drop in power output as the immediately available phosphagens, ATP and PC begin to _____

A

Increases, run out

60
Q

of sustained activity the majority of energy comes from the anaerobic glycolytic system

A

30 seconds

61
Q

Combining oxygen with the end products of glycolysis and with various other cellular foodstuffs to liberate ATP.

A

Oxidative metabolism

62
Q

More than 95 percent of all energy used by the muscles for sustained, long-term contraction is derived from this source.

A

Oxidative metabolism

63
Q

If the energy demands of exercise cannot be met by oxidative phosphorylation, an ______ is incurred.

A

Oxygen debt

64
Q

After completion of exercise, respiration remains above the resting level in order to ______this oxygen debt. The extra oxygen consumption during this recovery phase is used to restore metabolite levels (such as creatine phosphate and ATP) and to metabolize the lactate generated by ______.

A

Repay,glycolysis

65
Q

The increased ________ work during recovery also contributes to the increased oxygen consumption seen at this time and explains why more oxygen has to be “repaid” than was “borrowed.”

A

Cardio,respiratory,

66
Q

•Some ________occurs even with low levels of exercise because ______ motor units consume considerable ATP, derived from creatine phosphate or glycolysis, before oxidative metabolism can increase ATP production to meet steady-state requirements.

A

Oxygen debt,slow oxidative

67
Q

•Some ________occurs even with low levels of exercise because ______ motor units consume considerable ATP, derived from creatine phosphate or glycolysis, before oxidative metabolism can increase ATP production to meet steady-state requirements.

A

Oxygen debt,slow oxidative

68
Q

is much greater with strenuous exercise, when fast glycolytic motor units are used

A

Oxygen debt

69
Q

is approximately equal to the energy consumed during exercise minus that supplied by oxidative metabolism

A

Oxygen debt

DITO LAHAT NG KINESHOLOGE (5 decks)

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