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DITO LAHAT NG KINESHOLOGE > Circulatory Sys > Flashcards

Circulatory Sys Flashcards

1
Q

Forms the inner lining of a blood vessel

A

Tunica interna

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2
Q

innermost thin layer of flattened
cells

A

Endothelium

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3
Q

Facilitates efficient blood flow

A

Endothelium

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4
Q

Influences contraction of vessels over smooth
muscles

A

Endothelium

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5
Q

Influences contraction of vessels over smooth
muscles

A

Endothelium

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6
Q

Assists with capillary permeability

A

Endothelium

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7
Q

anchors endothelium to
underlying connective tissue

A

Basement membrane

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8
Q

Guides cell movement during repair of blood
vessels

A

Basement membrane

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9
Q

outermost thin sheet of
elastic fibers with windowlike openings

A

Internal elastic lamina

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10
Q

Facilitate diffusion

A

Internal elastic lamina

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11
Q

Thick, muscular and connective tissue layer
comprising mainly smooth muscle cells and amounts
of elastic fibers

A

Tunica media

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12
Q

occurs due to decrease in
sympathetic stimulation, presence of chemicals
(e.g. nitric oxide, hydrogen, lactic acid), or in
response to a need for oxygen or nutrients

A

Vasodilation

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13
Q

network of elastic fibers
separating the tunica media from the tunica externa

A

External elastic lamina

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14
Q

Outermost covering of a blood vessel consisting of
elastic and collagen fibers

A

Tunica externa

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15
Q

TUNICA EXTERNA
Contains numerous nerves and tiny blood vessels
called

A

Vasa vasorum

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16
Q

Supplies the vessel wall with nerves and self-vessels

A

Tunica externa

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17
Q

Anchors the vessels to the surrounding tissues

A

Tunica externa

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18
Q

Transports blood under high
pressure to tissues

Have strong vascular walls

Away from heart

A

Arteries

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19
Q

Last small branches of the arterial
system

A

Arterioles

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20
Q

Act as control conduits
Have strong muscular walls that can
close or dilate the vessel

A

Arterioles

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21
Q

Site of exchange for various
substances

A

Capillaries

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22
Q

Have thin walls and numerous
minute capillary pores

A

Capillaries

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23
Q

Collect blood from capillaries and
gradually coalesce into
progressively larger veins

A

Venules

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24
Q

Conduit for transport of blood from
venules back to the heart

A

Veins

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25
Serve as a major reservoir of extra blood
Veins
26
Have thin walls due to low pressure
Veins
27
IS CONTROLLED ACCORDING TO THE TISSUE NEEDS
Blood flow
28
IS THE SUM OF ALL THE LOCAL TISSUE FLOWS
Cardiac output
29
IS GENERALLY INDEPENDENT OF EITHER LOCAL BLOOD FLOW CONTROL OR CARDIAC OUTPUT CONTROL
Arterial pressure regulation
30
quantity of blood that passes a point in circulation in a period of time
Bloodflow rate
31
Expressed in milliliters per minute or liters per minute
Bloodflow
32
Overall blood flow in the total circulation of an adult at rest is at
5000 ml/min
33
AKA Cardiac Output
Blood flow
34
when blood flows at a steady rate and when the blood stays in the center of the vessel
Laminar flow
35
AKA Streamline flow
Laminar flow
36
when blood flows crosswise in the vessel and along the vessel, forming whorls in the blood called eddy currents
Turbulent flow
37
The force exerted by the blood against any unit area of the vessel wall
Blood pressure
38
highest pressure attained in arteries during systole or ventricular contraction
Systolic BP
39
lowest pressure attained in the arteries during diastole or ventricular relaxation
Diastolic BP
40
Ability of the vessel to dilate and decrease resistance under increased pressure
Vascular distensibility
41
Results in a smoother and greater amount of blood flow
Vascular distensibility
42
Allows accommodation of pulsatile output of the heart and to average out the pressure pulsations
Vascular distensibility
43
Veins are 8x more distensible than _____
Arteries
44
Pulmonary arteries are 6x more distensible than ______
Systemic arteries
45
waves of pressure that travel through the blood
Pressure pulsations
46
pressure at the top of each pulse
Systolic pressure
47
pressure at the lowest point of each pulse
Diastolic pressure
48
difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
Pulse pressure
49
Stiffening of arteries due to plaque causing ↓ compliance and distensibility High blood pressure
Arteriosclerosis
50
Flow of blood from aorta to pulmonary artery causing ↓ diastolic pressure and ↑ systolic pressure = ↑ pulse pressure
Patent ductus arteriosus
51
Reduced diameter of aortic valve causing ↓ stroke volume = ↓ blood pressure
Aortic valve stenosis
52
Aortic valve is unable to close therefore backflow of blood occurs and aortic pressure falls to 0 = ↑ systolic blood pressure & ↓ diastolic blood pressure
Aortic regurgitation
53
pressure in the right atrium
Central venous pressure
54
Ability of heart to pump blood out of right atrium and ventricle into the lungs
Venous pressure
55
Character of blood flow from peripheral veins
Venous pressure
56
↑ right atrial pressure or valve incompetence
backing up of blood in the veins causing ↑ peripheral venous pressure
57
↑ Intra-abdominal pressure
↑ peripheral venous pressure in the legs
58
Achieved by rapid changes in local vasodilation or vasoconstriction of blood vessels to provide maintenance of appropriate local tissue blood flow
Acute control
59
Increase in tissue metabolism
↑ blood flow
60
Decrease in oxygen availability
↑ blood flow
61
the greater the rate of metabolism or the less the availability of O2, the greater the rate of formation of vasodilator substances
Vasodilator theory
62
decreased O2 results to less contraction of blood vessels = relaxation or dilation of blood vessels
Oxygen demand theory
63
Slow, controlled changes in flow over a period of days, weeks, or months
Long term
64
Provides control via (1) direct nerve stimulation and (2) indirect effects of the hormone in the circulating blood
Norepinephrine and epinephrine
65
Powerful vasoconstrictor that can increase arterial pressure by 50 mmHg or more with one millionth of a gram
Angiotensin II
66
Constricts small arterioles Contributes to total peripheral resistance
Angiotensin II
67
Increases water reabsorption from the renal tubules into the blood
Vasopressin
68
Causes intense arteriolar dilation and increased capillary porosity
Bradykinin
69
Causes intense arteriolar dilation and increased capillary porosity
Histamine
70
Allows leakage of fluid and plasma protein into the tissues
Histamine
71
increase resistance to blood flow, heart rate, and contractility
Sympathetic nervous system
72
decrease heart rate and contractility
Parasympathetic nervous system
73
transmits parasympathetic impulses through the vagus nerves to the heart and sympathetic impulses through the spinal cord and peripheral sympathetic nerves to all blood vessels
Vasomotor center
74
located bilaterally in the anterolateral portions of the upper medulla
Vasoconstrictor
75
located bilaterally in the anterolateral portions of the lower medulla
Vasodilator
76
located bilaterally in the nucleus tractus solitarius
Sensory area
77
pressure-sensitive sensory receptors located in the aortic arch, internal carotid arteries, and other large arteries in the thoracic and neck regions AKA pressoreceptors
Baroreceptors
78
helps regulate blood pressure in the brain; initiated by baroreceptors in the carotid sinus
Carotid sinus reflex
79
regulates systemic blood pressure; initiated by baroreceptors in the wall of ascending aorta
Aortic reflex
80
are sensitive to low oxygen or elevated carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion levels
Chemoreceptor cells
81
Becomes important at lower pressures (below 80 mmHg) and prevent further decreases in arterial pressure
Chemoreceptor reflex
82
Located in chemoreceptor organs about 2 mm in size
Chemoreceptors reflex
83
found in the atria and pulmonary arteries
Low-pressure reflex
84
Minimize arterial pressure changes in response to changes in blood volume
Low pressure reflex
85
The degree of sympathetic vasoconstriction caused by____________ is often so great that some of the peripheral vessels become totally or almost occluded
intense cerebral ischemia
86
Can elevate arterial pressure dramatically to as high as ____mmHg for as long as __ mins
250, 10

DITO LAHAT NG KINESHOLOGE (5 decks)

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