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DITO LAHAT NG KINESHOLOGE > Circulatory Sys > Flashcards

Circulatory Sys Flashcards

1
Q

Forms the inner lining of a blood vessel

A

Tunica interna

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2
Q

innermost thin layer of flattened
cells

A

Endothelium

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3
Q

Facilitates efficient blood flow

A

Endothelium

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4
Q

Influences contraction of vessels over smooth
muscles

A

Endothelium

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5
Q

Influences contraction of vessels over smooth
muscles

A

Endothelium

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6
Q

Assists with capillary permeability

A

Endothelium

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7
Q

anchors endothelium to
underlying connective tissue

A

Basement membrane

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8
Q

Guides cell movement during repair of blood
vessels

A

Basement membrane

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9
Q

outermost thin sheet of
elastic fibers with windowlike openings

A

Internal elastic lamina

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10
Q

Facilitate diffusion

A

Internal elastic lamina

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11
Q

Thick, muscular and connective tissue layer
comprising mainly smooth muscle cells and amounts
of elastic fibers

A

Tunica media

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12
Q

occurs due to decrease in
sympathetic stimulation, presence of chemicals
(e.g. nitric oxide, hydrogen, lactic acid), or in
response to a need for oxygen or nutrients

A

Vasodilation

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13
Q

network of elastic fibers
separating the tunica media from the tunica externa

A

External elastic lamina

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14
Q

Outermost covering of a blood vessel consisting of
elastic and collagen fibers

A

Tunica externa

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15
Q

TUNICA EXTERNA
Contains numerous nerves and tiny blood vessels
called

A

Vasa vasorum

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16
Q

Supplies the vessel wall with nerves and self-vessels

A

Tunica externa

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17
Q

Anchors the vessels to the surrounding tissues

A

Tunica externa

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18
Q

Transports blood under high
pressure to tissues

Have strong vascular walls

Away from heart

A

Arteries

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19
Q

Last small branches of the arterial
system

A

Arterioles

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20
Q

Act as control conduits
Have strong muscular walls that can
close or dilate the vessel

A

Arterioles

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21
Q

Site of exchange for various
substances

A

Capillaries

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22
Q

Have thin walls and numerous
minute capillary pores

A

Capillaries

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23
Q

Collect blood from capillaries and
gradually coalesce into
progressively larger veins

A

Venules

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24
Q

Conduit for transport of blood from
venules back to the heart

A

Veins

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25
Q

Serve as a major reservoir of extra
blood

A

Veins

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26
Q

Have thin walls due to low pressure

A

Veins

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27
Q

IS CONTROLLED
ACCORDING TO THE
TISSUE NEEDS

A

Blood flow

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28
Q

IS
THE SUM OF ALL THE
LOCAL TISSUE
FLOWS

A

Cardiac output

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29
Q

IS GENERALLY
INDEPENDENT OF EITHER
LOCAL BLOOD FLOW
CONTROL OR CARDIAC
OUTPUT CONTROL

A

Arterial pressure regulation

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30
Q

quantity of blood that passes a
point in circulation in a period of time

A

Bloodflow rate

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31
Q

Expressed in milliliters per minute or liters per
minute

A

Bloodflow

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32
Q

Overall blood flow in the total circulation of an
adult at rest is at

A

5000 ml/min

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33
Q

AKA Cardiac Output

A

Blood flow

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34
Q

when blood flows at a steady rate
and when the blood stays in the center of the
vessel

A

Laminar flow

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35
Q

AKA Streamline flow

A

Laminar flow

36
Q

when blood flows crosswise in the
vessel and along the vessel, forming whorls in the
blood called eddy currents

A

Turbulent flow

37
Q

The force exerted by the blood against any unit area of the vessel
wall

A

Blood pressure

38
Q

highest pressure attained in arteries during
systole or ventricular contraction

A

Systolic BP

39
Q

lowest pressure attained in the arteries during
diastole or ventricular relaxation

A

Diastolic BP

40
Q

Ability of the vessel to dilate and
decrease resistance under increased
pressure

A

Vascular distensibility

41
Q

Results in a smoother and greater
amount of blood flow

A

Vascular distensibility

42
Q

Allows accommodation of pulsatile
output of the heart and to average
out the pressure pulsations

A

Vascular distensibility

43
Q

Veins are 8x more distensible
than _____

A

Arteries

44
Q

Pulmonary arteries are 6x more
distensible than ______

A

Systemic arteries

45
Q

waves of
pressure that travel through the
blood

A

Pressure pulsations

46
Q

pressure at
the top of each pulse

A

Systolic pressure

47
Q

pressure at
the lowest point of each pulse

A

Diastolic pressure

48
Q

difference
between the systolic and
diastolic pressures

A

Pulse pressure

49
Q

Stiffening of arteries due to
plaque causing ↓ compliance
and distensibility

High blood pressure

A

Arteriosclerosis

50
Q

Flow of blood from aorta to pulmonary
artery causing ↓ diastolic pressure and
↑ systolic pressure
= ↑ pulse pressure

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

51
Q

Reduced diameter of aortic valve
causing ↓ stroke volume
= ↓ blood pressure

A

Aortic valve stenosis

52
Q

Aortic valve is unable to close therefore
backflow of blood occurs and aortic
pressure falls to 0
= ↑ systolic blood pressure & ↓
diastolic blood pressure

A

Aortic regurgitation

53
Q

pressure in the
right atrium

A

Central venous pressure

54
Q

Ability of heart to pump blood out of right
atrium and ventricle into the lungs

A

Venous pressure

55
Q

Character of blood flow from peripheral
veins

A

Venous pressure

56
Q

↑ right atrial pressure or valve incompetence

A

backing up of blood in
the veins causing ↑ peripheral venous pressure

57
Q

↑ Intra-abdominal pressure

A

↑ peripheral venous pressure in the legs

58
Q

Achieved by rapid changes in local vasodilation or vasoconstriction of blood vessels to provide
maintenance of appropriate local tissue blood flow

A

Acute control

59
Q

Increase in tissue metabolism

A

↑ blood flow

60
Q

Decrease in oxygen availability

A

↑ blood flow

61
Q

the greater the rate of metabolism or the less the availability of O2, the
greater the rate of formation of vasodilator substances

A

Vasodilator theory

62
Q

decreased O2 results to less contraction of blood vessels =
relaxation or dilation of blood vessels

A

Oxygen demand theory

63
Q

Slow, controlled changes in flow over a period of days, weeks, or months

A

Long term

64
Q

Provides control via (1) direct nerve
stimulation and (2) indirect effects of
the hormone in the circulating blood

A

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

65
Q

Powerful vasoconstrictor that can
increase arterial pressure by 50 mmHg
or more with one millionth of a gram

A

Angiotensin II

66
Q

Constricts small arterioles
Contributes to total peripheral
resistance

A

Angiotensin II

67
Q

Increases water reabsorption from the
renal tubules into the blood

A

Vasopressin

68
Q

Causes intense arteriolar dilation
and increased capillary porosity

A

Bradykinin

69
Q

Causes intense arteriolar dilation
and increased capillary porosity

A

Histamine

70
Q

Allows leakage of fluid and plasma
protein into the tissues

A

Histamine

71
Q

increase resistance to blood flow,
heart rate, and contractility

A

Sympathetic nervous system

72
Q

decrease heart rate and
contractility

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

73
Q

transmits parasympathetic impulses through
the vagus nerves to the heart and sympathetic impulses through the
spinal cord and peripheral sympathetic nerves to all blood vessels

A

Vasomotor center

74
Q

located bilaterally in the anterolateral portions
of the upper medulla

A

Vasoconstrictor

75
Q

located bilaterally in the anterolateral portions of
the lower medulla

A

Vasodilator

76
Q

located bilaterally in the nucleus tractus solitarius

A

Sensory area

77
Q

pressure-sensitive sensory receptors located in
the aortic arch, internal carotid arteries, and other large arteries
in the thoracic and neck regions
AKA pressoreceptors

A

Baroreceptors

78
Q

helps regulate blood pressure in the brain;
initiated by baroreceptors in the carotid sinus

A

Carotid sinus reflex

79
Q

regulates systemic blood pressure; initiated by
baroreceptors in the wall of ascending aorta

A

Aortic reflex

80
Q

are sensitive to low oxygen or
elevated carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion levels

A

Chemoreceptor cells

81
Q

Becomes important at lower pressures (below 80 mmHg)
and prevent further decreases in arterial pressure

A

Chemoreceptor reflex

82
Q

Located in chemoreceptor organs about 2 mm in size

A

Chemoreceptors reflex

83
Q

found in the atria and
pulmonary arteries

A

Low-pressure reflex

84
Q

Minimize arterial pressure changes in
response to changes in blood volume

A

Low pressure reflex

85
Q

The degree of sympathetic vasoconstriction caused by____________ is often so great that some of the peripheral vessels become totally or almost occluded

A

intense cerebral ischemia

86
Q

Can elevate arterial pressure dramatically to as high as ____mmHg for as long
as __ mins

A

250, 10

DITO LAHAT NG KINESHOLOGE (5 decks)

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