Muscle Origin/Insertion/Action Flashcards
Upper Trapezius
Origin - external occipital protuberance, C2-C7 down the ligamentum nuchae SP
Insertion - Acromion and clavicle
Action - elevation, and upward rotation of the scapula
Levator Scapulae
Origin - TPs cervical spine
Insertion - superior angle of scapula
Action - elevation of the scapula
Rhomboid minor (higher or above major)
O - SPs of C7-T1
I - Medial border of the spine of scapula
A - retraction and elevation of scapula
Rhomboid Major
O - SPs of T2-T5
I - medial border of scapula below the spine
A - Retraction and elevation of scapula
Lower Trapezius
O - SPs of T4-T12
I - Spine of the scapula
A - Retraction, depression and upward rotation of scapula
Latissimus Dorsi - depressor (scapula), extensor (shoudler), adductor (shoulder), internal rotator
O -SPs of T6-L5, ribs 10-12, iliac crest
I - inferior angle of the scapula and medial border of intertubercular groove (humerus)
A - depression of scapula, extension, adduction, and internal rotation of humerus
Serratus Anterior - protractor, upward rotator
O - ribs 8-9
I - Anterior surface of medial border of scapula
A -protraction and upward rotation
Pectoralis Minor - protraction, downward rotator
O - anterior surface of ribs 3-5
I - coracoid process of the scapula
A - protraction and downward rotation
Middle Trapezius - retractor, upward rotator
O - SPs C7-T4
I - acromion and the spine of scapula
A - retraction and upward rotation of scapula
Subclavius - depressor, protractor
O - first rib
I - inferior surface of clavicle (subclavian groove)
A - depression, protraction
Pectoralis Major - flexor, adductor (shoulder), internal rotator
O - bit of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-7
I - lateral border of intertubercular groove
A - flexion, adduction, internal rotation, horizontal adduction
Anterior Deltoid - flexor
O - lateral 1-3 of clavicle
I - deltoid tuberosity
A - flexion, internal rotation, and hz adduction
Long head biceps brachii - flexor
O - supraglenoid tubercle
I - radial tuberosity and biceps aponeurosis
A - flexion and abduction of shoulder, flexion and supination of the forearm
Coracobrachialis - flexor, adductor (shoulder)
O - coracoid process of scapula
I - anteromedial surface of humeral distal to the crest of lesser tubercle
A - flexion and adduction of shoudler
Teres major - extensor (shoulder), adductor (shoulder), internal rotator
O - posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
I - medial border of intertubercular groove (humerus)
A - extension, adduction, and internal rotation of humerus
Triceps Brachii (long head) - extensor (shoulder)
O - infraglenoid tubercle
I - olecranon (ulna)
A - extension and adduction of the shoulder, elbow extension
Posterior Deltoid - extensor (shoulder)
O - inferior border of the spine of scapula
I - deltoid tuberosity
A - extension and external rotation of the shoulder
Middle Deltoid (support from ant and post delt) - abductor (shoulder)
O - lateral border of acromion
I - deltoid tuberosity
A - abduction
Supraspinatus - abductor, external rotator (shoulder), part of RC
O - supraspinous fossa of scapula
I - superior portion of the greater tubercle
A - first 15 degrees of abduction assist in external rotation. Compresses humeral head against glenoid fossa
Infraspinatus - external rotator, part of RC
O - infraspinous fossa of scapula
I - greater tubercle
A - lateral rotation. Exerts depressive force on humeral head
Teres minor - external rotator, part of RC
O - lateral border of posterior surface of the scapula
I - greater tubercle
A - lateral rotation. Exert depressive force on humeral head
Subscapularis - internal rotator, part of RC
O - subscapular fossa (anterior face of scapula
I - lesser tubercle
A - medial rotation and adduction of shoulder. Exert depressive force on humeral head
Splenius Capitus - superficial layer of back muscle
O - nuchal ligament and SP of C7-T3
I - mastoid process of temporal and occipital bone
A - bilateral contraction and extension
Splenius cervicis - superficial layer of back muscle
O - spinous process or thoracic vertebrae T3-T6
I - TP of C1-C3
A- bilateral to extend the neck
Iliocostalis - erector spinae group (most lateral)
O - angles of ribs 3-6
I - TP of vertebrae C4-C6
A - bilaterally flexes the vertebral column to the side
Longissimus - erector spinae group (lateral)
O - TP of T1-T5
I - Posterior Tubercle of the TP of vertebrae C2-C6
A - bilateral spine extension and lateral flexion
Spinalis - erector spinae group (medial)
O - Capitis: SPs of C1-T7 Cervicis: SPs of C7-T1, nuchal ligament, Thoracis: SPs of T11-L2
I - Capitis: occipital bone Cervicis: SPs of C2-C4
Thoracis: SPs of T11-L2
A - bilateral contraction and extension of head, cervical and thoracic spine
Semispinalis - transversospinalis muscle group (superficial)
O - TPs of T1-T6
I - posterior surface of SP C2-C5
A - bi extension of head, cervical
& unilateral flexion of head, neck
Multifidus - transversospinalis (deep)
O - sacrum, erector spinae, PSIS, and iliac crest
I - SP
A - bi backward extension, uni ipsilateral side-bending and contra rotation
Rotatores - transversospinalis (most deep)
O - TP of thoracic vertebrae
I - SP of thoracic located 1 or 2 above original vertebrae
A - bi contraction resulting in extension of vertebral column & uni contraction contr rotation of thoracic
Interspinalis - minor deep layer of back muscles
O - SP of C2
I - SP of T1
A - uni to flex the vertebral column
Intertransverse - minor deep layer of back
O - TPs
I - TPs, articular processes
A - uni flexion, and lateral flexion
Levator Costarum - minor deep layer of back
O - TPs of C7-T11
I - superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae
A - uni to laterally flex vertebral column
External Intercostals - intercostal muscles (superficial)
O - sharp inferior costal border of one rib
I - outer lip of superior border of the immediate rib below
A - elevate ribs (helping breathe in)
Internal Intercostals - intercostal (deep)
O - inferior margin of costal cartilage and inner lip of costal groove
I - superior border of immediate inferior rib
A - bring ribs down during expiration, present either uni or bilaterally
Innermost Intercostals - intercostal (most deep)
O - inner surface of the costal groove of the ribs
I - superior border of inferior rib
A - pulls down rib cage and push air out of lungs & acts uni on one side
External Oblique -anterolateral wall of abdomen (most superficial)
O - external surfaces of ribs 5-12
I - pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest
A - bi contraction results in trunk flexion
& uni results in trunk lateral flexion, trunk rotation
Internal Oblique - anterolateral wall of abdomen (intermediate)
O - posterior end of iliac crest and thoracolumbar fossa
I - inferior borders and tips of lower 3 or 4 ribs and cartilage
A - bi - flexes the trunk and compresses its contents
& uni flexes the trunk and rotates the same side
Transversus Abdominis - anterolateral wall of abdomen (deep)
O - costal margin, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
I - linea alba, pubic symphysis, xiphoid process
A - bi contraction - compresses abdominal viscera
& uni = trunk rotation
Rectus Abdominis - anterolateral wall of abdomen (superficial)
O - pubic symphysis, pubic crest
I - Xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
A - Unilateral contraction the trunk
is laterally flexed to the side, tenses wall of abdomen and compresses contents inside
Quadratus Lumborum - posterior wall of abdomen
O - iliac crest
I - TP of L1-L5 and lower part of 12th rib
A - Bilateral contraction leads to extension of the lumbar veterbral column
(Thoracic) diaphragm
O - Bilateral contraction leads to extension of the lumbar veterbral column
I - Sternal: Posterior of xiphoid
process
Costal: Internal surface of 7-12
ribs
Lumbar: medial and lateral
ligaments
A - Contraction of muscle facilitates expansion of thoracic cavity
Anterior Scalene
O - TP of axis and atlas, posterior tubercles of TPs C3-C7
I - superior border of first rib
A - Unilateral contraction produces ipsilateral flexion of the neck & Elevate first rib, flex neck laterally to the side
Middle Scalene
O - TPs of last 6 vertebrae
I - upper face of 1st rib
A - uni contraction produces ipsilateral flexion of neck
Posterior Scalene
O - posterior tubercles of TPs of C5-C7
I - external surface of 2nd rib
A - uni contraction producing ipsilateral flexion of neck
Sternocleidomastoid
O - manubrium and clavicle
I - mastoid process of temporal bone
A - uni = contralateral rotation, ipsilateral cervical flexion
& bi = cervical flexion, elevation of sternum and inhalation
Serratus posterior superior
O - SPs of T11-L2 and supraspinous processes
I - inferoposterior aspect of ribs 9-12, lateral to angles
A - bi action of posterior superior/posterior inferior reduce extension of thoracic vertebrae
& uni will rotate spine
Serratus posterior inferior
O - supraspinal ligament, and the spinous processes of the upper two to three lumbar vertebrae (L01–L03) and the lower two thoracic vertebrae (T11–T12)
I - lower borders of ribs 9–12, and is innervated by intercostal nerves 9–12.
A - draws the lower ribs backward and downward to assist in rotation and extension of the trunk
Biceps Brachii
Elbow Flexion, Supinator
O - Long head: supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
Short head: coracoid process (scapula)
I - Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
A - Shoulder flexion, and abduction
Elbow flexion and supination
Brachialis
Flexor
O - Distal half of the anterior portion of the humerus
I - Coronoid process
A - Flexion
Brachioradialis
Flexor
O - Lateral Supracondylar ridge of the humerus
I - Styloid process of the radius
A - Flexion in neutral elbow position
Pronator Teres
Flexor, and Forearm Pronator
O - Medial epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna
I - Proximal third of radius on lateral surface
A - Assists in flexion
Pronation
Triceps Brachii
Extensor
O - Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
Lateral head: proximal half of posterior humerus
Medial head: distal 2/3 of posterior humerus
I - Olecranon process (ulna)
A - Long head assists in shoulder extension
Elbow extension
Anconeus - extensor
O - Lateral epicondyle (humerus)
I - Olecranon process (ulna)
A - Assist triceps in extension
Supinator
O -Lateral epicondyle (humerus)
Supinator crest (ulna)
I - Lateral, posterior, and anterior aspects of proximal third of radius
(Wraps around radius)
A - Supination
Pronator Quadratus
Forearm Prontator
O - Distal ¼ of the anterior aspect of the ulna
I - Distal ¼ of the anterior aspect of the radius
A - Pronation
