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Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Facts about Spine/Shoulder/Elbow > Flashcards

Facts about Spine/Shoulder/Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 things the spine aids in?

A

Stability, absorb shock, flexibility, provides attachment for organs

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2
Q

How many vertebrae are there in total and what are they sectioned off into?

A

C1-C7 , T1-T12, L1-L5, S1-S5
25 if including the coccyx

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3
Q

What happens with lumbar lordosis when flexion/extension occurs?

A

Increase in the curvature of lordosis when there is flexion, and decrease of curvature with extension

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4
Q

Where does 50% of movement of the neck occur?

A

Between the atlas and axis

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5
Q

Part of the spine that has the least movement

A

Lumbar spine

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6
Q

Why is the cervical region prone to poor posture?

Heavy Head

A

Head is heavy and moves forward, forcing the extensor muscles to exert a greater force to maintain head in its position

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7
Q

What is another anatomical term for Atlas and Axis?

A

C1 and C2

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8
Q

What is the definition of a facet?

A

A smooth surface that receives another bone

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9
Q

What is a facet VS a fossa?

A

Facet: Smooth and not very deep surface
Fossa: cavity or pit that has greater depth

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10
Q

Name 3 characteristics in which you can tell the difference between the three sections of the vertebrae

A
  1. C - small vertebral body T - heart-shaped, larger than cervical L - Massive; kidney-shaped
  2. Vertebral Foramen: C - Triangular T - Circular L - Thin and tapered
  3. Spinous Process: C - short and forked T - short L - long
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11
Q

What is a fulcrum?

A

A stationary base in a lever that does not move.

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12
Q

How many true, false, and floating ribs are there?

A

T=7 False = 3 (8-12) Floating = 2 (11-12)

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13
Q

What part of the spine is the little bump that you can feel on your neck?

A

the C2

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14
Q

What two structures are found within the intervertebral disc?

A

Annulus fibrosus which surrounds the nucleus pulposus

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15
Q

What is a herniated disc and where is it most popular?

A

When the rubbery disc between vertebral bodies contains a nucleus pulposus that is pushing through a crack in the annulus fibrosus.
Most common between L4-L5, or L5-S1

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16
Q

Flexion VS Extension - easy tells

A

Flexion is decreasing the angle between parts (bending forwards), while extension is increasing (bending backwards)

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17
Q

What is important about facets on the spine?

A

Spinal joints that have cartilage that are slippery and allow for twisting and turning as well as provide flexibility and stability

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18
Q

What two bony landmarks make up the vertebral arch?

A

Pedicle, and lamina

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19
Q

Tubercle VS Tuberosity

A

Small, rounded prominence where connective tissue attaches. VS Larger prominence where muscle and connective tissue attach

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20
Q

What are the 3 main bony landmarks that make up the sternum?

A

Manubrium, Gladiolus, Xiphoid Process

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21
Q

What is the place that the ribs insert to on the sternum?

A

Costal Notches (1-7)

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22
Q

Break down simply what the term “costochondral” is referring to?

A

Costo - ribs Chondral - cartilage

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23
Q

Which joint in the neck is responsible for nearly half of all cervical rotation?

Rest is divided between segments C3-C7

A

Antlanto-axial joint

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24
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite Side

Right muscle = rotation to the left

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25
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side

Right muscle = rotation to the right

26
Q

List the Deep Back Muscles

9 Muscles in Total

Erector Spinae group (SLI), Deepest layer (RIMI), 2 extraneous (QS)

A

Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis, Rotatores, Intertransversarii, Multifidus, Interspinalis, Quadratus Lumborum, Semispinalis

27
Q

DEEP Back Muscles - Erector Spinae

SLI

From Medial to Lateral

A

Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis

Erector Spinae Group

28
Q

List the 4 Anterior Trunk Muscles

In order of Superficial to Deep

A

External Oblique, Rectus Abdominus, Internal Oblique, Transversus Abdominus

29
Q

Difference between Atlanto-axial (medial) joint VS Atlanto-axial (lateral) joint

A

Medial - Dens of C1 and the Atlas articulating (more specific than lateral)
Lateral - C1 and C2 connecting

30
Q

Define the thorax?

A

Area of body between the neck and abdomen. Contains vital organs.

31
Q

What is the main role of the shoulder girdle, along with the glenohumeral joint?

A

To provide stability and mobility for muscles of GH joints

Easy to pop out of socket, so it is mostly for mobility

32
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle joint

33
Q

What type of synovial joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Planar joint - gliding movements in all directions to assist SC and ST joints in providing mobility to the GH joint

34
Q

On the clavicle, what is attaches at the costal tuberosity?

A

Costoclavicular ligament

35
Q

How many degrees of upward rotation is required to accommodate flexion at the shoulder?

A

60 degrees

36
Q

What bony structures have a ROM of 180 degrees?

A

The shoulder and elbow

37
Q

What is the ROM for Circumduction?

A

200 degrees

38
Q

What 4 major joints does the shoulder complex depend on for function?

A

Glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, scapulothoracic

39
Q

Name the 3 elevator muscles - LURR

A

Levator Scapulae, Upper Trapezius, Rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

40
Q

Name the 4 depressors - SPLL

A

Subclavius, Pectoralis Minor, Lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi

41
Q

Name the protractor

A

Serratus Anterior

42
Q

Name the 3 retractors - RLM

A

Rhomboids major and minor, lower trapezius, middle trapezius

43
Q

Name the 2 upward rotators - US

A

Upper and Lower trapezius, serratus anterior

44
Q

Name the 2 downward rotators - PR

A

Pectoralis minor, Rhomboid major

45
Q

Name the 5 Muscles acting on the Clavicle

UPASS

A

Upper Trapezius, SCM, Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major, Subclavius

46
Q

In the anatomical position is the ulna (pinky) medial or lateral?

A

Medial

47
Q

Why are women’s ulnar valgus greater than 15 degrees?

A

Carry their babies

48
Q

What is little league elbow and where does it occur?

A

Painful inflammation of bony bump on inside of elbow (Medial Epicondylitis) caused by overuse

49
Q

What is a trochoid joint?

An example of one is the Distal Radioulnar Joint

Joint between head of ulna and ulnar notch on the radius

A

Freely moveable joint (diarthrosis) that allows only rotary movement around a single axis.

The moving bone rotates within a ring that is formed from a second bone

50
Q

What is ROM at the elbow?

A

Neutral is 0
Hyperextension is -5
Pro and Supination - 80-90
Flexion - around 120

51
Q

What region of the spine are the longest and strongest vertebrae found in?

A

Lumbar Region

52
Q

The vertebrae are in contact with each other by means of:

A

Articular processes (facets)

53
Q

What is another name for ball-and-socket joint? (HINT: round)

A

Spheroid joint

54
Q

Which of the elbow joint is involved in all motions of the elbow?

A

Humeroradial joint

55
Q

In which movement does that clavicle have no ROM?

A

Anterior Rotation

56
Q

A sprained acromioclavicular joint is a so-called sign of what?

A

A “key not” or “step deformity”

57
Q

What structure is most distal on the upper extremity?

A

The head of the ulna

58
Q

What is the subacromial bursa’s function?

A

To protect the acromion from rubbing on the humeral head

59
Q

True or False: The glenoid cavity is shallow and weakly maintained

A

True

60
Q

What is labrum (tissue)? What does is do?

A

Fibrocartilage and rubbery tissue attached to rim of shoulder socket to keep the ball of the joint in place

61
Q

What is triceps brachii the prime mover of?

A

Extension at the elbow joint

Musculoskeletal Anatomy (4 decks)

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