muscle length

Question 1

how to perform
risk / modifying

Answer 1

consent, contraindications, position, passively move limb, overpressure, end feel/ goniometer/tape measure
Obers - abd, ex, add

risk - unsafe positioning, bed height, overstretching
modify - bend bottom knee, care if injured, use alternative positions, equipment, don’t push range

Question 2

contraindications / precautions

Answer 2

MSK: bony limit, fracture, inflammation,
CR:
CV:
N: acute pain, neural mechanosensitivity/shortened tissues
non-compliant

Question 3

purpose

Answer 3

elongates the muscle in the direction opposite of its concentric action while assessing its resistance to passive lengthening
to identify changes in muscle extensibility that may impair movement
to determine whether the range of the muscle is normal limited or excessive

Question 4

how to know if normal

Answer 4

muscular end feel
normal ROM in comparison to other side (normal/short/extended)
some resistance
no change of symptoms through range
compare to norms

iliopsoas - 0° hip extension, 10° with overpressure
rec fem - 90° knee extension, 125° with overpressure
TFL & IT - 0° hip abduction, 15°-20° with overpressure, tight/relaxed
adductors - 45°
hamstrings - 80° hip flexion
triceps surae - 0° ankle dorsiflexion
pec major - shoulder abduction 60° / 90°, 30° with overpressure

piriformis, upper trapz, levatorS, SCM - gradual soft end feel

Question 5

principles

Answer 5

maximal lengthening of muscle from origin to insertion
Firmly stabilize origin/pelvis
Slowly elongate the muscle
Assess the end feel

Question 6

structure

Answer 6

muscle origin fixed while insertion moved passively in direction of lengthening muscle

muscle being lengthened / other muscles in limb
iliac crest, IT, proximal lateral tibia