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Kinesiology Exam 1 > Muscle Function pt 1 > Flashcards

Muscle Function pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of muscle

A

skeletal

cardiac

smooth

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2
Q

muscle fiber types

A

Type IA

Type IIA

Type IIB

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3
Q

can individual muscles have different fiber types?

A

yes

an individual muscle can contain multiple fiber types

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4
Q

how are variations of muscle fibers believed to be determined?

A

genetically

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5
Q

Type I muscle fibers visually

A

dark (d/t containing larger numbers of mitochondria and a high concentration of myoglobin)

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6
Q

how are type I muscle fibers referred to

A

slow-twitch or slow oxidativve

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7
Q

do type I muscle fibers contract over a long or short period of time

A

long period of time

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8
Q

type IIB muscle fibers visually

A

pale (d/t fewer mitochondria and only small amounts of myoglobin)

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9
Q

how are type IIB fibers referred to

A

fast-twitch or fast glycolytic

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10
Q

which muscle fiber type are largest in diameter

A

type IIB

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11
Q

what happens as the muscle fiber’s diameter increases

A

it generates more force

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12
Q

which muscle fiber will twitch quicker

A

type IIB

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13
Q

which muscle fiber fatigues the quickest

A

type IIB

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14
Q

type IIA fibers visually

A

intermediate in characteristics

-middle amounts of mitochondrion and myoglobin

-fiber diameter is smaller than IIA but larger than I

-don’t fatigue as quickly as type IIA, but don’t last as long as I

-speed of contraction is quicker than type I, but slower than IIA

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15
Q

how are type IIA muscle fibers referred

A

fast oxidative-glycolytic

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16
Q

what are muscles with a high proportion of type I fibers able to do

A

carry on sustained activity d/t the fibers not fatiguing quickly

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17
Q

what muscles are considered to have high proportions of type I fibers

A

stability and postural muscles

ex: soleus, adductor pollicis, tibialis anterior

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18
Q

what are muscles with a high proportion of type IIA fibers referred to as

A

mobility or non postural or phasic muscles

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19
Q

what do muscles with high proportions of type IIA fibers do

A

-produce larger ROM

-respond quickly to a stimulus

-fatigue more rapidly

ex: biceps brachii

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20
Q

what happens when structure and function match

A

things work well

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21
Q

what happens when structure and function do not match

A

there will be breakdown

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22
Q

2 types of material found in skeletal muscle

A

muscle tissue (contractile)

connective tissue (non-contractile)

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23
Q

elasticity

A

the ability of soft tissue to return to its resting length after a passive stretch

d/t primarily non-contractile tissue

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24
Q

contractility

A

refers to the muscle’s ability to develop tension

d/t contractile tissue

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25
Q

irritability

A

refers to the muscle’s ability to respond to chemical, electrical or mechanical stimuli

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26
Q

what is a chemical stimuli

A

ACh @ the neuromuscular junction

muscle relaxers

27
Q

what is a electrical stimuli

A

action potential

stim

28
Q

what is a mechanical stimuli

A

deep tendon reflex

29
Q

what is the morphology of a muscle

A

refers to how the muscle fibers are aligned with the tendon

30
Q

types of morphology

A

parallel

oblique

spiralized

31
Q

what does the alignment of the fibers affect

A

the physiologic cross-section of the muscle

the muscles ability to shorten

32
Q

how is the physiologic cross section measured

A

transecting each fascicle at a right angle

perpendicular to the fibers

33
Q

the larger the physiologic cross section

A

the greater the ability to produce tension

34
Q

the further a fiber can shorten

A

the greater ROM it can move the bony lever

35
Q

what are parallel muscles

A

the fasciculi of the muscle are parallel to the long axis of the muscle

36
Q

how do the fibers run w/in parallel muscles

A

run the length of the muscle

or

attached end-to-end

37
Q

how much shortening can a parallel muscle undergo

A

roughly 50% of its length

38
Q

what do parallel muscles produce

A

a greater ROM

they are good for producing ROM

39
Q

3 types of parallel muscles

A

quadrilateral

strap

fusiform

40
Q

quadrilateral

A

parallel muscle

flat, short muscles

ex: hyoid muscles and rhomboids

41
Q

strap muscle

A

parallel muscle

the fasciculi are long and extended throughout the length of the muscle

42
Q

how can the fibers lie in a strap muscle

A

some have very long fibers (ex: sartorious)

some have tendinous inscriptions along the way (ex: rectus abdominis)

43
Q

fusiform muscle

A

parallel muscle

most but not all muscle fibers extend throughout the length of the muscle

muscle belly is rounded w/ tapering ends

fibers curve b/w origin and insertion

ex: biceps brachii

44
Q

what are fusiform muscles good at doing

A

producing ROM

45
Q

oblique muscle

A

the fiber arrangement is oblique to the muscle’s long axis

usually more fibers are in oblique muscles

fibers tend to be shorter in oblique muscles

46
Q

what happens d/t oblique muscles having a larger # of muscle fibers

A

only a portion of the force of the muscle goes towards producing motion of the bony lever

they are able to transmit a large amount of force to the tendon to which they attach

47
Q

which muscle has a greater physiologic cross-section

A

oblique muscles

increases their ability to produce tension

48
Q

what are oblique muscles good at

A

producing tension

49
Q

2 types of oblique muscles

A

triangular

pennate

50
Q

triangular muscle

A

oblique muscle

one wide attachment and one narrow attachment

ex: pec major and temporalis

51
Q

pennate muscle

A

the fiber arrangement resembles that found in a feather

52
Q

types of pennate muscles

A

unipennate

bipennate

multi-pennate

circumpennate

53
Q

unipennate muscle

A

obliquely set fasciculi fan out on only one side of a central muscle tendon

ex: flexor pollicis longus

54
Q

bipennate muscle

A

fasciculi are obliquely set on both sides of a central tendon

ex: rectus femoris, gastrocnemius

55
Q

multi-pennate

A

the oblique fasciculi converge on several tendons

ex: deltoid

56
Q

circumpennate

A

the fibers surround the centrally located tendon

ex: anterior tibilais muscle

57
Q

spiralized muscle

A

the fibers spiral around the long axis

the fibers will wind and unwind

58
Q

what does the strength of a contraction depend on

A

the size and number of contracting fibers

59
Q

what is maximal strength determined by

A

the total cross-sectional size of all its fibers

60
Q

parallel muscle cross sectional size

A

size of all of the fibers is the same as the cross sectional area of the muscle

61
Q

pennate muscle cross sectional size

A

more muscle fibers

the total cross sectional size of the fibers is greater than the cross sectional area of the muscle

62
Q

which muscle would you prefer for force production

A

oblique muscles

63
Q

which muscle would you prefer for ROM (excursion)

A

parallel

Kinesiology Exam 1 (9 decks)

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