Introduction pt 2 Flashcards
what is osteokinematics
refers to the movements of bone rather than movement of articular surfaces
what happens to the skeleton when our bones move
definition of osteokinematics
bone motion
what is normal ROM of a joint called
anatomic or physiologic ROM
mechanical axis
is the axis through the bone which is PERPENDICULAR to the center of the articular surface, with the joint in mid-position
perpendicular to the center of the articular surface
every joint has its own mechanical axis
when is ROM considered pathologic
exceeds or fails to reach the normal limits of motion
hypomobile
hypermobile
hypomobile
doesn’t have enough ROM
hypermobile
has more ROM that normal
what will cause a shift in the mechanical axis
joint movement
what is insufficient to describe many movement combos
a description of one mechanical axis
description of motion
spin
swing
spin (osteo)
pure rotation around the mechanical axis
types of spin
pure spin
conjunct rotation
pure spin
the motion is all spin with NO OTHER MOTIONS
ex: head of the radius on the capitulum
conjunct rotation
spin which requires some spin
primarily spin with secondary swing
usually occurs at the end of ROM
ex: flexion of shoulder requires some internal rotation at the end ROM
swing
is all other bone motion, never around the mechanical axis
anything but spin
types of swing
pure swing
impure swing
pure swing
is all swing, no spin
not around the mechanical axis
ex: wrist flexion
impure swing
is swing with spin
mostly swing with a touch of spin
ex: knee extension, at the end of ROM, you have ER of the tibia for the screw home mechanism, this is a spin motion
arthrokinematics
refers to the movements of joint surfaces
usually one surface is stable or fixed while the other segment moves on the fixed segments
2 parts of the joint
stable/fixed part
moving part
definition of arthrokinematics
described the type of motion that the moving part performs
type of motion depends on the shape of the articulating surfaces
how is arthrokinematics clinically significant
helps in joint assessment and treatment
descriptors of arthrokinematics
spin
slide/glide
roll/rocking
spin (arthrokinematics)
rotation w/in a small area
pure rotary motion
1 surface rotating on the adjacent surface
slide/glide
pure translatory motion
refers to the gliding of one component over another
roll/rocking
the rolling of one joint surface on another
equi-distant points on 1 joint surface contact equi-distant points on the other surface
what will occur at every joint motion
a combination of all the descriptors of arthrokinematics
sometimes at the same time and to different degrees
what is needed in order to have physiologic ROM
must be able to have normal arthrokinematics movements/motion
what does the type of direction of movement depend on
the shape of the articulating surfaces
convex/concave rules
convex moving on concave
concave moving on convex
convex moving on concave
the bone motion and the roll happen in the same direction
glide is in the opposite direction
important to ensure that there is enough articular surface to achieve full ROM
concave moving on convex
the bone motion, roll and glide are in the same direction
the distal segments are considered to be _______ and the proximal segments are ______
moving, stable
unless otherwise noted
why is gliding essential for joint motion
combo of these motions produces a moving axis of motion
in many joints, the opposing surfaces are unequal in side, and the moving bone may be larger than the fixed component
gliding increases ROM at the joint and keeps the joint surfaces in contact w/ each other
closed packed position
is usually at the extreme end of ROM (not always)
close-fitting or full congruence of the surfaces
criteria for closed-packed position
the surfaces have to be maximally congruent
the area of contact must be maximal
the joint surfaces are compressed and joint poses its greatest stability
the capsule and ligament are maximally taut
no further motion is possible
need all 5
loose packed position
the articular surfaces are relatively free to move in relation to one another
ligaments and capsule are relatively slack
considered any other position than the closed packed position
good position to evaluate the joint
surfaces are not congruent
why is the loose packed position a good position to evaluate the joint
all ligaments and capsules are slack
allows movement
do all joint have close and loose packed positions?
yes
all joints have their own close-packed position
accessory movements
are necessary for physiologic movement
they are not under voluntary control
what are accessory movements
joint play motion
component motion
joint play motion
the motion that is available at a joint but only happens when outside forces are applied
best assed in the loose-packed position
component motion
refers to the roll and glide
necessary for full actic ROM
what must you have in order to have physiologic motion
normal arthrokinematics
what is the basic assessment of joint integrity
application of arthrokinematics principles is basic to the assessment of the integrity of join structures and use of joint mobilization techniques
