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Kinesiology Exam 1 > Introduction pt1 > Flashcards

Introduction pt1 Flashcards

1
Q

sagittal plane

A

is vertical and divides the body into right and left sides

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2
Q

what are the joint motions w/in the sagittal plane

A

flexion and extension

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3
Q

flexion

A

2 segments of the body approaching each other

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4
Q

extension

A

2 segments of the body moving away from each other

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5
Q

hyperextension

A

beyond the normal anatomical position

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6
Q

pure sagittal plane

A

divides the body directly down the middle

equal right and left sides

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7
Q

parasagittal plane

A

sagittal plane moves off center

right and left sides are not equal

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8
Q

frontal plane

A

also named coronal

is vertical and divides the body into front and back parts

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9
Q

what joint motions are in the coronal plane

A

ABD and ADD

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10
Q

ABD

A

position or motion away from midline

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11
Q

ADD

A

position or motion towards midline

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12
Q

transverse

A

also called horizontal

is horizontal and divides the body into upper and lower parts

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13
Q

joint motions of the horizontal plane

A

IR and ER

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14
Q

IR

A

rotation oriented towards the anterior surface of the body

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15
Q

ER

A

rotation oriented towards the posterior surface of the body

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16
Q

where are the three axes of motion located

A

intersection of the 3 planes of space

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17
Q

how is each axis placed

A

perpendicular to the plane in which the motion occurs

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18
Q

frontal axis

A

x axis

the axis passes horizontally from side to side

perpendicular to the sagittal plane

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19
Q

motions that occur around the x axis

A

flexion and extension

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20
Q

vertical axis

A

also called y-axis

axis passes perpendicular to the ground and to the transverse plane

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21
Q

motions that occur around the y-axis

A

IR and ER

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22
Q

sagittal axis

A

z axis

pass horizontally from front to back and is perpendicular to the frontal plane

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23
Q

motions that occur around the z-axis

A

ABD and ADD

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24
Q

2 broad categories of joint design

A

synarthrosis and diarthrosis

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25
what are the 2 joint design categories based on
the type of materials and the methods used to unite the bony components
26
synarthrosis joints
no mobile, not synovial joints material used to connect the surfaces is interosseous connective tissue fibrous or cartilaginous firmly joins 2 bones built for stability
27
2 types of synarthrosis joints
fibrous joints cartilaginous joints
28
fibrous joints
fibrous tissue directly unites bone to bone
29
3 types of fibrous joints
suture joint gomphosis syndesmosis
30
suture joint
bones united by thin layer of dense fibrous tissue found only in the skull allows very little movement
31
gomphosis joint
bony components are adapted to each other like a peg in a hole b/w the tooth and the mandible or maxilla
32
syndesmosis joint
bony components are joined directly by a ligament, cord, or aponeurotic membrane ex: tibia and fibula w/ a interosseous membrane
33
cartilaginous joints
material used is either fibrocartilage or hyaline growth cartilage
34
2 types of cartilaginous joints
symphysis joint synchondrosis joint
35
symphysis joint
components are directly joined by fibrocartilage in the form of disks or plates ex: symphysis pubis
36
synchondrosis joint
components are connected by hyaline growth cartilage it forms a bond b/w ossifying centers ex: 1st sternocostal joint
37
diarthroses joint
synovial joints the bony components are free to move in relation to each other b/c no cartilaginous tissue directly connects adjacent bony surfaces indirectly connects by means of a joint capsule that encloses the joint
38
accessory structures of diarthrosis joints
discs plates menisci labrums fat pads ligaments and tendons
39
roles of ligaments and tendons in diarthrosis joints
keep joint surfaces together may assist in guiding motion ligaments --> bone to bone tendons --> bone to muscle
40
separation of synovial joints
limited by passive tension in static stabilizers of the joint active tension of muscles also limits separation of joint surfaces (dynamic stabilizers)
41
what are static stabilizers of the joint
joint capsule ligaments tendons
42
what are dynamic stabilizers of the joint
muscles
43
what are the common features of every diarthrodial joint
joint capsule joint cavity synovial membrane lining hyaline cartilage covering the bony surfaces synovial fluid
44
joint capsule
has 2 layers outer layer and inner layer
45
outer layer of the joint capsule
stratum fibrosum dense fibrous tissue poorly vascularized richly innervated by joint receptors
46
what can the joint receptors detect
rate and direction of movement compression tension vibration pain
47
inner layer of the joint capsule
stratum synovium highly vascularized poorly innervated by joint receptors specialized cells that make hyaluronate
48
what is hyaluronate
component of synovial fluid
49
joint cavity
is enclosed by the joint capsule
50
synovial membrane lining
lines the inner surface of the capsule
51
hyaline cartilage covering the boney surface
is a specialized cartilage allows for friction free motion **can't heal** --> will lead to osteoarthritis is damaged
52
synovial fluid
lubricates the joint and reduces friction b/w the bony components provides nourishment of the articular (hyaline) cartilage
53
3 subclassifications of diarthrodial joints
complexity of organization number and distribution of axes (degrees of freedom) geometric form
54
complexity of organization
simple compound complex
55
simple
there are 2 articular surfaces ex: hip joint, head of the femur with the acetabulum
56
compound
more than 2 articular surfaces ex: elbow joint, humerus articulate with the radius and the ulna
57
complex
the presence of a disc b/w the surfaces ex: knee joint, femur articulates w/ menisci, tibia and fibula
58
degrees of freedom
non-axial uni-axial bi-axial tri-axial
59
non-axial joint
gliding joint (0 degrees of freedom) no pure motions or axes ex: carpal bones
60
uni-axial
one degree of freedom motion occurs in only 1 plane around only 1 axis hinge and pivot joints ex: interphalangeal joints and elbow joint
61
bi-axial joint
two degrees of freedom has 2 axes and moves in 2 planes ex: MCP joints of the hand and radiocarpal joints of the wrist usually condyloid (ellipsoid) and saddle joints
62
tri-axial
three degrees of freedom movement takes place about 3 axes and planes ex: hip joint ball and socket joint
63
geometric form classification
plane joint hinge joint pivot joint condyloid joint saddle joint ball and socket joint
64
plane joint
a gliding or non-axial joint there is gliding b/w 2 or more bones
65
hinge joint
ginglymus joint uni-axial joint resembles a door hinge permits motion around a single axis
66
example of a hinge joint
IP joints elbow joint knee joint
67
pivot joint
trochoid uni-axial one component is shaped like a ring while the other is shaped so that it can rotate within the ring
68
example of a pivot joint
median atlanto-axial joint
69
condyloid joint
ellipsoid bi-axial surfaces are shaped so that the concave surface of 1 bony component is allowed to slide over the convex surface of another component in 2 direction
70
example of ellipsoid joint
MCP joint
71
saddle joint
bi axial each join surface is both convex in one plane and concave in the other and these surfaces are fitted together like a rider on a saddle
72
example of a saddle joint
CMC joint of the thumb
73
ball and socket joint
tri-axial joints in which the bony components are free to move in 3 planes around 3 axes formed by a ball like convex surface being fitted into a concave socket
74
example of a ball and socket joint
hip joint

Kinesiology Exam 1 (9 decks)

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